Final Flashcards
how many cells are formed mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis- 2 new cells are formed
meiosis- 4 new cells are formed
what kind of cell (hap/dip) is formed mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis- diploid
meiosis- haploid
does replication of chromosomes happen in meiosis or mitosis?
both
are tetrads formed in meiosis or mitosis
meiosis
what kind of cell (funct) is formed mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis- body/somatic cells
meiosis-sex cells/gametes
are identical copies of parent cells made in meiosis or mitosis
mitosis
how many times do original cells divide meiosis vs mitosis
mitosis- once
meiosis- twice
does chromosomes moving to cell equators happen in meiosis or mitosis
both
does crossing over take place in meiosis or mitosis
meiosis
name the stages of mitosis
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
name the stages of meiosis
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I with cyokinesis I,prophaese II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II (with cytokinesis II)
duplication
when there is extra of a gene on a chromosome
deletion
when a gene on a chromosome is missing
inversion
when a gene sequence on a chromosome is flipped
translocation
when chromosomes switch parts
what kind of mutation causes a gamete to be (n+1) or (n-1)
nondisjunction
what is PCR used for
to make 100 billion identical copies of a SNA sequence within a few hours (helps diagnose diseases, identify bacteria and viruses, match criminals to crime scenes, even wjen a very small DNA sample was found at the scene
what is gel electrophoresis used for
to sort and measure DNA strands, especially good to match up individuals at crime scenes, for paternal tests, etc. (DNA is negatively charged so it moves toward the positively charged end of the gel, with shortest strands moving the farthest)
describe the goal of gene therapy
to put a corrected copy of a gene in a person (usually delivered through a vector) to replace a flawed one, in other words, to fix genetic problems at their source
end product of artificial embryo twinning
identical twins. the two babies are clones of each other
end product of somatic cell nuclear transfer
in somatic cell nuclear transfer, the baby that is born is a clone of a living person (the somatic cell donor)
what are vortexes used for
to mix samples in the lab
what are centrifuges used for
to “spin down” samples and separate out contents (most dense on bottom, least dense on top)
DNA structure
made up of nucleotide building blocks which are composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. the shape of DNA is a double helix.