FINAL

Question 1

condition that results in problems with carbs, protein and fat metabolism

Answer 1

diabetes mellitus

Question 2

complication of Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes that occurs before a diagnoses of diabetes has been made

occurs when sodium, potassium and ketones are lost in the urine:

Answer 2

KETOACIDOSIS

it begins w hyperglycemic state
dehydration and electrolyte imbalance follow

ketones form in the blood

Question 3

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 3

feet often at risk
microcirculation in nerves is affected as the axon travels distal from cell body

nutrition to fibers is affected = increasing necrosis of fibers as nerve travels distally

Question 4

peripheral neuropathy - distal symmetrical

Answer 4

most common**

impaired circulation and sensory losses, an injury to the foot may be painless then ulcerate

Question 5

diabetic radiculopathy and polyradiculopathy

Answer 5

common in long standing cases

thoracic and lumber roots affected

acute burning pain and sensitivity of skin occur unilaterally in trunk

min sensory loss and weakness

pain persists for months then resolves completely

Question 6

plexopathy

Answer 6

affects older people
pain in anterior thigh w min sensory loss
followed by absent knee flexion and buckling of knee
- can improve over years

Question 7

no deep diaphragmatic breathing techniques for diabetes because ?

Answer 7

it can change insulin levels

Question 8

2 important qualities of malignant tumours

Answer 8

they are invasive w/o encapsulated structure

they spread into neighboring tissue

Question 9

what is the name for cancer in epithelial tissue

Answer 9

carcinoma

Question 10

chemotherapy

Answer 10

the use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells

they interfere with the cells ability to reproduce

destroys healthy cells like hair, blood and skin as well

Question 11

what causes AIDS

Answer 11

HIV - human immunodeficiency virus

Question 12

what do T cells do

Answer 12

control viral infections

Question 13

what do B cells do

Answer 13

eliminate bacteria and their toxins by producing antibodies

Question 14

what disorder affects collagen

slow spreading fibrosis & collagen deposits throughout body

Answer 14

scleroderma

Question 15

what does localized scleroderma affect

Answer 15

skin, fascia, muscles, bone

general affects multiple systems of the body - capillaries, GI tract, lungs, heart, kidneys

Question 16

what has fibrotic lesions, made of fibroblasts from hard oval patches on the skins surface

Answer 16

scleroderma

Question 17

how it HIV transmitted

Answer 17

must enter bloodstream from the body fluids of someone who has HIV
ex) unprotected sex, needles, transfused blood

NOT through casual contact nor airborne
and can not pass through skin that has no cuts or abrasions

blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk are the body fluids that can contain HIV

Question 18

first trimester symptoms

Answer 18

nausea / vomiting
usually decrease by 10 weeks

frequent urination, constipation

BP falls - specifically diastolic due to presence of progesterone relaxing the muscular walls of blood vessels

extreme mood swings

Question 19

second trimester symptoms

Answer 19

months 4-6 = quiet months

risk of miscarriage is greatly REDUCED

feel fetal movement at 18-21 weeks

by 23 weeks the fetus can survive a premature birth

hypertension

Question 20

when can supine hypotension occur w pregancy

Answer 20

early as the fourth month and continue to the end of pregnancy

fetus grows and compresses aorta and inferior vena cava against lumbar spine when laying on back

Question 21

what is diastasis pubis

Answer 21

a seperation of the pubic symphysis that causes pain of varying severity over the pubic area and down to the inner thigh

Question 22

cause of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 22

idiopathic but associated w HLA-B27 antigen and may be genetic

Question 23

where does AS begin?

Answer 23

SI joints and progresses up spine

Question 24

how do you treat infectious arthritis

bacterial vs fungal

Answer 24

bacterial = full course of antibiotics

fungal = antifungal meds