FINAL Flashcards
condition that results in problems with carbs, protein and fat metabolism
diabetes mellitus
complication of Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes that occurs before a diagnoses of diabetes has been made
occurs when sodium, potassium and ketones are lost in the urine:
KETOACIDOSIS
it begins w hyperglycemic state
dehydration and electrolyte imbalance follow
ketones form in the blood
peripheral neuropathy
feet often at risk
microcirculation in nerves is affected as the axon travels distal from cell body
nutrition to fibers is affected = increasing necrosis of fibers as nerve travels distally
peripheral neuropathy - distal symmetrical
most common**
impaired circulation and sensory losses, an injury to the foot may be painless then ulcerate
diabetic radiculopathy and polyradiculopathy
common in long standing cases
thoracic and lumber roots affected
acute burning pain and sensitivity of skin occur unilaterally in trunk
min sensory loss and weakness
pain persists for months then resolves completely
plexopathy
affects older people
pain in anterior thigh w min sensory loss
followed by absent knee flexion and buckling of knee
- can improve over years
no deep diaphragmatic breathing techniques for diabetes because ?
it can change insulin levels
2 important qualities of malignant tumours
they are invasive w/o encapsulated structure
they spread into neighboring tissue
what is the name for cancer in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
chemotherapy
the use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells
they interfere with the cells ability to reproduce
destroys healthy cells like hair, blood and skin as well
what causes AIDS
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus
what do T cells do
control viral infections
what do B cells do
eliminate bacteria and their toxins by producing antibodies
what disorder affects collagen
slow spreading fibrosis & collagen deposits throughout body
scleroderma
what does localized scleroderma affect
skin, fascia, muscles, bone
general affects multiple systems of the body - capillaries, GI tract, lungs, heart, kidneys
what has fibrotic lesions, made of fibroblasts from hard oval patches on the skins surface
scleroderma
how it HIV transmitted
must enter bloodstream from the body fluids of someone who has HIV
ex) unprotected sex, needles, transfused blood
NOT through casual contact nor airborne
and can not pass through skin that has no cuts or abrasions
blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk are the body fluids that can contain HIV
first trimester symptoms
nausea / vomiting
usually decrease by 10 weeks
frequent urination, constipation
BP falls - specifically diastolic due to presence of progesterone relaxing the muscular walls of blood vessels
extreme mood swings
second trimester symptoms
months 4-6 = quiet months
risk of miscarriage is greatly REDUCED
feel fetal movement at 18-21 weeks
by 23 weeks the fetus can survive a premature birth
hypertension
when can supine hypotension occur w pregancy
early as the fourth month and continue to the end of pregnancy
fetus grows and compresses aorta and inferior vena cava against lumbar spine when laying on back
what is diastasis pubis
a seperation of the pubic symphysis that causes pain of varying severity over the pubic area and down to the inner thigh
cause of ankylosing spondylitis
idiopathic but associated w HLA-B27 antigen and may be genetic
where does AS begin?
SI joints and progresses up spine
how do you treat infectious arthritis
bacterial vs fungal
bacterial = full course of antibiotics
fungal = antifungal meds
