Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
After Jamestown they came for religious purpose.
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown.
Jamestown
After Roanoke
John Smith
Governor of Jamestown for first 2 years.
Pocahontas
Pocahontas saved John Smith and married John Rolfe.
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas. Rolfe learned to grow tobacco. Sold it in Englands, 1614.
Tobacco
Crop that saved Jamestown.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon- “the greatest rebellion that ever was in Virginia.” By Berkeley. Didn’t want to expand. Gets sick and dies. Shows that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast.
Plymouth Colony
The Colony of the pilgrims.
Pilgrims
Separatists who came to colonies for religious freedoms.
Mayflower
Pilgrims came on the Mayflower.
Mayflower Compact
First governing document of of the Plymouth colony.
William Bradford
First leader of the Pilgrims and wrote the book Of Plymouth Plantation?
Squanto and Samoset
Two people showed the Pilgrims how to grow crops and where to hunt and fish.
Puritans
Protestants who wanted reform.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritan society that was based on the Bible
John Winthrop
Puritan that was the governor of the Mass. Bay Colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Roger and Anne were kicked out of the Mass. City of Providence due to their disagreements with the Puritans. They formed Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, where killed.
William Penn
A Quaker who Founded Pennsylvania and wrote their constitution.
Quakers
Tolerant of other peoples religions. Pacifist. They were different then others due to their treatment towards women and Native Americans.
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight in wars or use forces.
James Orglethorpe’s debtor and buffer Colony
James founded Georgia as a place for debtors and lower class men to get a new start.
First Great Awakening
.
Triangular Trade
A system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies.
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union, and Join or Die
Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard’s Almanack, a collection of witty sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned”.
Albany Plan of Union- Called for one general government for the 13 colonies. Designed to help the colonies defend themselves from the French.
First political cartoon.
John Peter Zenger Trial
Publisher Peter accused the governor of New York of corruption in the NY weekly journal and was thrown in jail. Zenger found not guilty and this helped lead us to freedom of the press.
*Cause of French and Indian War
French and Britain both want to gain an upper hand. They fought over the Ohio Valley River because they wanted to control the fur trade here.
Proclamation of 1763
Halted western expansion by the colonists. Some were upset because they had already bought land across the Appalachian mountains.
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince the people to stop smuggling.
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies.
The Boston Massacre
A fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers. 5 people were killed in the Boston Massacre. Was used as a form of Propaganda. The Townshend Acts are repealed.
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the sons of liberty board an East India trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor. Done as a repose to the Tea Act of 1773.
The intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party. Called the Coercive Acts of England.
Patrick Henry
He said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”.
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British. Was founded by Samuel Adams.
*John Hancock
The Liberty was owned by John Hancock, a well known protester.
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB. Paine believed that the colonies should be refuge from tyrants and persecution.
*Declaration of Independence- year, location, author, and significance.
July 4, 1776, Created to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation, Written by Thomas Jefferson, Independence Hall Philadelphia.
*Cause of American Revolutionary War
.
Loyalists
Another name Tories. 20% of the colonists. Didn’t think taxes were enough of a reason to fight. Colonist for GB or England.
Patriots
Another name Rebels. Determined to fight until independence was won. Colonist for America.
*Battles of Lexington and Concord
Battle of Lexington is where minutemen fired the “shot heard ‘round the world”.
*Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war.
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing or shelter for Washington and his troops. Little fighting was done because weather conditions wouldn’t allow it.
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolution.
Benedict Arnold
The hero of Saratoga. Gets wound in leg, shot. Wanted to get a promotion= more money. His wife, a Torie arranged to get a higher ranking… British military. A trader. In 1779, Arnold Is now secretly working for the British military when he asks to be put in charge of West Point. His plan failed he went back to England and lived the rest of his life.
*Leader commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future had a great influence on the future of mankind.
*Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley Forge.
Francis Marion
Helped the patriots defend the South. Also known as the Swamp Fox. He is considered the father of guerrilla warfare.
Guerrilla warfare
A hit and run technique.
Treaty of Paris 1783
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay were sent to Paris to work out a peace treaty. The treaty Ended the war.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River.
*Articles of Confederation
In Nov. 1777, Americas 1st Constitution was adopted the AoC. The gov’t could not raise taxes. Each state had one vote in congress. It was unsuccessful however because the gov’t it provided was not strong enough to handle all the problems of the country.
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the government taxes on poor farmers. Revealed the need for a stronger central government. People believed the government wasn’t strong enough.
The Great Compromise
Established the model for Congress used to this day. Southern states wanted to have more representatives in the section of congress based on population, so they wanted to add slaves to count towards their population. North did not think this was right.
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed Southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representations. Allowed south to obtain more delectables.
*The US Constitution- Father of, Year, and purpose
James Madison is considered the father of the constitution. 9 out of 13 states approved the Constitution. The constitution is now the supreme law of the land. The constitution created a Federal System in our gov’t. Under the Federal System, the final authority is the constitution.
Bill of Rights
First 10 Amendments of to the Constitution. Created to limit the power of the gov’t and protect the rights of the individuals.
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the gov’t.
2nd Amendment
Rights for citizens to bear arms.
3rd Amendment
Prevents anyone from being forced quarter troops against their will.
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause.
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law. Is important for people accused of committing crimes bc you have the right to not give self incriminating evidence.
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury.
Three branches of government and their purpose
Legislative- Law making branch.
Executive- Carries out the laws.
Judicial- Interprets laws and declares laws or Presidential Acts Unconstitutional.
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal gov’t.
*Alexander Hamilton
Sec. of State. Proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care of the state depts from the war. The Southern States were against this plan bc they owed less than the northern states and would have to pay more than their fair share to compensate. The South agreed with Hamiltons plan in exchange for the US capitol being moved to the South, Washington DC. He tries to create a national bank. Said it would fall within the intent of the Constitution. He also propped another to improve Americas economy called a tariff. Tariffs were instituted to encourage people to buy American goods.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Acts- Allowed Presidents to deport aliens.
Sedition Act- A crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government.
*John Sevier
First governor of TN.
Natchez Trace
Became and important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville. Allowed farmers to get back to TN after selling their crops down the Mississippi.
*Marbury v Madison
Was the landmark court case that established Judicial review. This was the 1st time Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional.
Judicial review
Judicial review means the court can nullify actions or other branches.
*McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights.
