Filoviruses

Question 1

Filoviridae genera

Answer 1

Ebola
Marburg
Cueva

Question 2

Ebola virus structure & classification

Answer 2

Family: Filoviridae
Genera: Ebolavirus

(-)ssRNA Enveloped

Baltimore: V

6 species: Zaire, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Bombali. Of these, only the first four have caused recognized disease in humans

Question 3

Ebola incubation

Answer 3

2-21 days

Question 4

Specific clinical features for EBOV

Answer 4

Uveitis
Haemorrhage

Question 5

EBOV treatment & vaccine

Answer 5

REGN-3 (Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab) and mAb114 (Ansuvimab)- targets three nonoverlapping epitopes on the Zaire Ebolavirus virus surface glycoprotein, providing potent virus neutralization

Two vaccine regimens are approved:

● rVSV-ZEBOV – The Ebola Zaire vaccine (live) is a single-dose recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebola vaccine.

● The Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo vaccination strategy – The Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo vaccination strategy uses two different vaccines separated by eight weeks.

The first component consists of a recombinant human adenovirus 26 encoding the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein.

The second dose is a modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding the glycoproteins of Zaire and Sudan ebolavirus and Marburg Musoke virus, as well as the nucleoprotein of the Tai Forest ebolavirus.

PEP: REGN-3

Question 6

Marburg

Answer 6

Family: Filoviridae
Genus: Marburgvirus

(-)ssRNA enveloped

Baltimore: V

2 variants: Lake Victoria marburgvirus and Ravn marburgvirus

Reservoir host: Egyptian fruit bats - Rousettus

Clinical: incubation 2-21 days

Diagnostics: RT-PCR at RIPL

Therapeutics- mABs is experimental use. Favipiravir and Remdesivir - unclear benefit.

Vaccines- chadox based vaccine, and modified vaccinia based vaccine in development.

Question 7

Ebola & Marburg mortality

Answer 7

Ebola - 80-90%
Marburg - 50%