Files3

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

study of the sound system of a language, how particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from language to language

Question 2

phonotactic constraints

Answer 2

restriction on possible combination of sounds

Question 3

sound substitution

Answer 3

process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word

Question 4

allophone

Answer 4

one of a set of noncontrasive realizations of the same phoneme, actual phonetic segment

Question 5

phoneme

Answer 5

class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound

Question 6

noncontrasive

Answer 6

term used to describe 2 sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 7

contrasive

Answer 7

term used to describe 2 sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language

Question 8

minimal pair

Answer 8

2 words that differ only by single sound in the same position and that have different meanings

Question 9

alternation

Answer 9

difference between 2 or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related (phonology)

Question 10

free variation

Answer 10

term used to refer to 2 sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of the respective words

Question 11

overlapping distribution

Answer 11

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments

Question 12

phonological rules

Answer 12

description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the environment in which the allophone appears

Question 13

obstruents

Answer 13

natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off

Question 14

assimilation

Answer 14

process by which a sound becomes more and more like a nearby sound in terms of features

Question 15

implicational law

Answer 15

observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication

Question 16

sonorants

Answer 16

sound made with relatively open passage of air flow

Question 17

environmental

Answer 17

the sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word

Question 18

basic allophone

Answer 18

allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled

Question 19

restricted allophone

Answer 19

allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments

Question 20

voicing assimilation

Answer 20

takes phonetic form and turns it into the pronounceable form

Question 21

dissimulation

Answer 21

process by which 2 nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature

Question 22

flapping

Answer 22

sound produced by bringing 2 articulators together very quickly

Question 23

metathesis

Answer 23

switching of the order of 2 sounds, each taking the place of the other

Question 24

obligatory

Answer 24

applies in the speech of all speakers of a language or dialect, regardless of style or rate of speech

Question 25

optional

Answer 25

may or may not apply to an individual’s speech