File 2

Question 1

Segments

Answer 1

individual units of the speech; can be further divided into consonants and vowels

Question 2

Bilabial

Answer 2

sound produced when lips are brought together

Question 3

labiodental

Answer 3

sound made when upper and lower teeth make contact

Question 4

interdentals

Answer 4

sound made when tip of tongue is placed between the upper and lower teeth

Question 5

alveolar

Answer 5

sound made when raising the front of tongue toward alveolar ridge

Question 6

post-alveolar

Answer 6

sound made by raising the tongue toward the front part of the palate

Question 7

palatal

Answer 7

sound made by raising the body of the tongue toward the hard part of the roof of the mouth

Question 8

velar

Answer 8

sound made by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum

Question 9

glottal

Answer 9

sounds produced by the larynx

Question 10

four main ways speakers change shape of vocal tract

Answer 10

1. raising or lowering the body of tongue
2. advancing or retracting the body of the tongue
3. rounding or not rounding the lips
4. making these movements with a tense or a lax gesture

Question 11

intonation

Answer 11

commonly refers to the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence

Question 12

tone

Answer 12

pitch at which the syllable of a word is pronounced; can make a difference in meaning

Question 13

pharynx

Answer 13

part of the oral tract above the larynx by behind the uvula; commonly called the throat

Question 14

uvula

Answer 14

small fleshy mass that hangs down at the back of the throat; used to make uvular consonants

Question 15

diphthongs

Answer 15

complex vowel, composed of a sequence of 2 different configurations of the vocal organs

Question 16

tense vowels

Answer 16

vowel sound that has a more peripheral position in the vowel space

Question 17

palatography

Answer 17

experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth

Question 18

manner of articulation

Answer 18

term used to refer to how the air stream is modified by the articulators in the vocal tract to produce a sound

Question 19

fricatives

Answer 19

sound made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the air stream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent flow is produced

Question 20

affricates

Answer 20

sound produced by complete obstruction of the airflow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing friction. can be thought of as a stop and a fricative