FIELD TECHNIQUES

Question 1

An essential piece of equipment for the detailed observation of all rock types and fossils materials.

Answer 1

Hand Lens

Question 2

Most have a lens with ___ magnification

Answer 2

10x

Question 3

Some lens contains both a (1)___ and a (2)___ or (3)___.

Answer 3

(1) 10x
(2) 15x
(3) 20x

Question 4

• Essential for most geological fieldwork
• Used in breaking and collecting rock example
• Used to expose a fresh portion of the outcrop

Answer 4

Geologic hammer

Question 5

In using a hammer, ____ must come first.

Answer 5

safety

Question 6

Step on the sample and move your head (1)____ in the direction of hammer motion to avoid the (2)___ due to impact.

Answer 6

(1) away
(2) projectiles

Question 7

Essential in taking down notes and sketching outcrops for better understanding

Answer 7

Field Notebook and Writing Materials

Question 8

What to note?

Answer 8

• Date
• Weather
• GPS Reading/ Location
• Facing direction
• Scale
• Sketch
  -Observations
  -Pin point on your sketch where you get the strike where you get the strike and dip or observable features

Question 9

Observations on Field Notebook

Answer 9

• Weathering
• Attitudes
• Structures
• Materials Present
• Sizes of grains or materials
• Remarks

Question 10

Upper crust, outer zones of mountain belts

Answer 10

Pressure solution cleavage

Question 11

Upper crust, outer zones of mountain belts; fine-grained rocks

Answer 11

Slaty cleavage

Question 12

Upper crust, outer zones of mountain belts; competent rocks

Answer 12

Fracture cleavage

Question 13

High strain faults and shear zones at all but shallowest depths

Answer 13

Mylonitic foliation

Question 14

Middle crust, inner zones of mountain belts; metamorphosed rocks (1)

Answer 14

Schistosity

Question 15

Middle crust, inner zones of mountain belts; metamorphosed rocks (2)

Answer 15

Crenulation cleavage

Question 16

Dissolution of soluble grains to directed stress

Answer 16

Pressure solution cleavage

Question 17

Alignment of platy grains by rotation, dissolution, and crystallization during applied stress

Answer 17

Slaty cleavage

Question 18

Tensional failure under high fluid pressure* in competent rock types

Answer 18

Fracture cleavage

Question 19

Extreme flattening and stretching in narrow, high-strain zones of shearing

Answer 19

Mylonitic foliation

Question 20

Mineral alignment under applied stress, during metamorphic crystallization

Answer 20

Schistosity

Question 21

Microfolding of a pre-existing planar fabric (tectonic and sedimentary)

Answer 21

Crenulation cleavage

Question 22

Dark/pale colour striping; partially dissolved fossils, clasts; stylolitic surfaces

Answer 22

Pressure solution cleavage

Question 23

Fine fabric that rock cleaves along; typically associated with folds

Answer 23

Slaty cleavage

Question 24

Spaced cracks in competent rock type

Answer 24

Fracture cleavage

Question 25

Strongly planar fabric; other high-strain features

Answer 25

Mylonitic foliation

Question 26

Visible mineral grains; millimeter to centimeter-scale folia, rougher than slaty cleavage

Answer 26

Scistosity

Question 27

Microfold hinges, crenulation lineation

Answer 27

Crenulation cleavage

Question 28

Compass-clinometer is used to measure:

Answer 28

• The orientation of geological planes and lineation with respect to north
• Angle of dip of geological feature with respect to the horizontal

Question 29

Can also use in conjuction with a topographic map to accurately determine location

Answer 29

Compass-clinometer

Question 30

More sensitive device because of the in-built spirit levels and the graduation of scales in 1 degree and 2 degree increments

Answer 30

Brunton-type

Question 31

Other type of Compass-clinometer

Answer 31

Silva-types

Question 32

Sampling- Things to do:

Answer 32

• Know your sampling method
• Get the sample that has the bulk composition of the outcrop
• Get a fist size sample for petrology, and crushed sample for geochemistry
• Get a duplicate
• Name the sample properly