Field Sanitation - ATP 4-25.12 - Chapter 3 Flashcards
The amount of water necessary to sustain Soldiers varies based on the?
Season of the year.
Geographical location.
Tactical situation.
The rules of
water discipline are?
Drink water from approved sources only.
Prevent water waste.
Protect water sources with good sanitary practices
How do Unit Field Sanitation teams ensure that unit bulk water supplies are always safe to drink?
Checking Chlorine residuals in unit water supplies
Adding chlorine
Ensuring adequate stocks of iodine tablets, chlorination kits bulk chlorination equipment, and other necessary supplies
Placing water trailers and bulk water containers in such a manner as to protect them from high temperatures
Training individual Soldiers to perform sanitary control measures
Correcting or controlling field water problems
Establishing water points in a manner that prevents pooling of water at fill points
What is potable water?
Water from a source that has been treated and approved by PM
What is water Treatment and Purification?
The combination of one or more processes employed to improve the quality of water.
What is disinfection?
A water treatment process in which disease-producing organisms are destroyed or inactivated
What are the two sources of water in the field?
Raw water and other water sources approved by PM
What is raw water?
Fresh or seawater that has not been previously used, treated, or purified
What are raw water sources?
Surface water (rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, rain, ice, snow, seas, and oceans), ground water (wells or springs), and in some cases municipal water treatment systems
What surface water sources can the U.S. military water treatment equipment treat?
Rivers, lakes, ponds, seas and oceans.
Ground water sources in the field include:
Existing wells, springs, and wells constructed by
military engineers or local contractors.
What are acceptable activities with class one - potable water?
- Drinking
- Brushing teeth
- Shower
- Ice production
- Medical treatment
- Flushing
What are acceptable activities with class two water?
- Decon. of personnel
- Retrograde cargo washing
- Heat casualty cooling
- Mortuary affairs sanitation
- Well development
What are acceptable activities with class three - Not Potable water?
- Vehicle coolant
- Aircraft washing
- Pest Control
- Field Laundry
- Concrete construction
- Well drilling
What are acceptable activities with class four - Not Potable water?
- Vehicle washing
- Electrical grounding
- Fire fighting
- CBRN decon. of material
- Dust control
What are pathogens?
Biological agents that cause disease or illness to it’s hosts.
Which pathogen is generally regarded regarded as the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the world?
Campylobacteriosis
Cholera can produce what?
- Profuse watery stool
- Tenesmus (feelling like you have to poop, even after you’ve pooped your guts out)
- Abd. pain and vomiting
- Dehydration that can cause circulatory collapse
Individuals infected with E. coli exhibit acute bloody diarrhea and abd.
cramping lasting about how long?
One week
What is Legionnaires’ disease?
A severe form of pneumonia or lung inflammation caused by a bacterium known as Legionella
What is Leptospirosis?
A bacterial disease contracted through skin contact with surface water contaminated with urine from infected animals
Symptoms for Salmonellosis include?
Fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea that may be bloody
What is the annual death rate caused by Typhoid disease?
200,00 annually; but is not common in industrialized countries.
The infectious dose of Shigellosis is ____ to ____ bacteria and the incubation time is one to ________
10 to 100; Seven days
What is a protozoan infection?
Infection caused by protozoans.
What is amebiasis?
A parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract that is caused by the protozoal organism Entamoeba histolytica.
What is Cryptosporidiosis?
An infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is caused by the Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst
What is Schistosomiasis?
A disease that is contracted simply by being in contact with water containing
schistosomes (blood flukes)
What chemicals do S rely on to disinfect water in the field?
Calcium hypochlorite.
Water purification tablets, chlorine.
Water purification tablets, iodine.
What is the active component in calcium hypochlorite?
Chlorine
What disinfectant has been shown to be the most
acceptable and adaptable for field potable water treatment operations?
Chlorine
The four variables that determine chlorine’s effectiveness in disinfecting water include:
Dose.
Demand.
Residual concentration.
Contact time.
What three factors influence chlorine disinfection?
Adequate mixing.
The pH of the water.
Water temperature.
What are the two test kits used to test for chlorine residual?
Chlorine residual test strips (most commonly found).
N, N-Diethyl-1, 4 Phenylenediamine Sulfate test kit.
What is the intended use of Iodine tablets and what color should they be if they are in good condition?
To disinfect water contained in small containers. Iodine tablets should be steel gray.
Unit water pod systems (Camel), Water Trailers M149A2, M1112 trailers, and Five-gallon plastic water cans are all what?
Unit-level bulk water storage and distribution equipment
What is the operational temperature range for the camel?
-25 degrees Fahrenheit to +120 degrees Fahrenheit
How many filling positions does the Camel contain?
Six
800 gallons is the minimum amount of water a Camel can hold. True or False?
True
The Army employs the M149A2, M1112, and M107 series 400-gallon water trailers to store and
distribute drinking water to field units. True or False?
True
Five-gallon water cans are part of a unit’s water storage and distribution capabilities. True or False?
True
What do individual Soldiers use to carry water for personal consumption?
One-quart and two-quart canteens.
Personal hydration systems that carry between 45- and 100-ounces of water.
Approximately how much water should be used to disinfect bulk water supplies?
1/4 ounce for ea 2 gallons of water or 7 grams per 7.5 liters of water.
Describe the procedures for purifying 1 & 2 Qrt. canteens.
Fill the canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available.
Add two iodine tablets to each one-quart canteen full of water, or four tablets to two-quart canteens. A two percent solution of tincture of iodine may be used in place of iodine tablets.
Put the cap on the canteen. Shake the canteen to dissolve tablets.
Wait five minutes. Loosen the cap and tip the canteen over to allow leakage around the canteen
threads.
Tighten the cap and wait an additional 25 minutes before drinking
How many iodine tabs do you use to disinfect a personal hydration system bladder?
2 tabs for 40-ounce water reservoirs, 4 tabs for 70- or 72-ounces, and 6 for 100- or 102-ounces.
To disinfect a personal hydration system, how much contact time should be allowed before consumption?
30 mins
Who is responsible for inspecting and identifying deficiencies of the units’ bulk water storage equipment?
Unit Field Sanitation team
What DA Form can be used as general guide for inspecting all unit bulk water storage containers?
DA Form 5457
What are the steps for sanitizing method one?
Use this method if both water and the required chemicals are plentiful as follows:
Fill the container full of water with about 100-milligrams per liter chlorine concentration.
Mix solution around so it contacts all the surfaces.
Run some of the solution through the valves and spigots.
Keep all interior surfaces wet with the solution for at least 60 minutes.
Drain the disinfecting solution into a sanitary sewer or other approved location
Rinse the container and spigots twice with potable water.
What are the steps for sanitizing method two?
Use this method if either water or the required chemicals are in short supply as follows:
Prepare five gallons of water with 100-milligrams per liter chlorine concentration.
Using a long-handled brush, stick, or rod with a cloth secured to the end;
swab the interior walls of the tank every 10 minutes or as often as necessary to keep the walls wet with the solution.
Run some of the solution through the valves and spigots.
Drain the accumulated solution from the container into a sanitary sewer or other approved location.
Rinse the container and spigots twice with potable water.
What should be done if the water container is not going to be used for
more than 30 days?
Open the faucets, valve, drain plug, and manhole cover, and allow the tank to air dry.
