Field Sanitation - ATP 4-25.12 - Chapter 3

Question 1

The amount of water necessary to sustain Soldiers varies based on the?

Answer 1

 Season of the year.
 Geographical location.
 Tactical situation.

Question 2

The rules of

water discipline are?

Answer 2

 Drink water from approved sources only.
 Prevent water waste.
 Protect water sources with good sanitary practices

Question 3

How do Unit Field Sanitation teams ensure that unit bulk water supplies are always safe to drink?

Answer 3

 Checking Chlorine residuals in unit water supplies
 Adding chlorine
 Ensuring adequate stocks of iodine tablets, chlorination kits bulk chlorination equipment, and other necessary supplies
 Placing water trailers and bulk water containers in such a manner as to protect them from high temperatures
 Training individual Soldiers to perform sanitary control measures
 Correcting or controlling field water problems
 Establishing water points in a manner that prevents pooling of water at fill points

Question 4

What is potable water?

Answer 4

Water from a source that has been treated and approved by PM

Question 5

What is water Treatment and Purification?

Answer 5

The combination of one or more processes employed to improve the quality of water.

Question 6

What is disinfection?

Answer 6

A water treatment process in which disease-producing organisms are destroyed or inactivated

Question 7

What are the two sources of water in the field?

Answer 7

Raw water and other water sources approved by PM

Question 8

What is raw water?

Answer 8

Fresh or seawater that has not been previously used, treated, or purified

Question 9

What are raw water sources?

Answer 9

Surface water (rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, rain, ice, snow, seas, and oceans), ground water (wells or springs), and in some cases municipal water treatment systems

Question 10

What surface water sources can the U.S. military water treatment equipment treat?

Answer 10

Rivers, lakes, ponds, seas and oceans.

Question 11

Ground water sources in the field include:

Answer 11

Existing wells, springs, and wells constructed by

military engineers or local contractors.

Question 12

What are acceptable activities with class one - potable water?

Answer 12

• Drinking
• Brushing teeth
• Shower
• Ice production
• Medical treatment
• Flushing

Question 13

What are acceptable activities with class two water?

Answer 13

• Decon. of personnel
• Retrograde cargo washing
• Heat casualty cooling
• Mortuary affairs sanitation
• Well development

Question 14

What are acceptable activities with class three - Not Potable water?

Answer 14

• Vehicle coolant
• Aircraft washing
• Pest Control
• Field Laundry
• Concrete construction
• Well drilling

Question 15

What are acceptable activities with class four - Not Potable water?

Answer 15

• Vehicle washing
• Electrical grounding
• Fire fighting
• CBRN decon. of material
• Dust control

Question 16

What are pathogens?

Answer 16

Biological agents that cause disease or illness to it’s hosts.

Question 17

Which pathogen is generally regarded regarded as the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the world?

Answer 17

Campylobacteriosis

Question 18

Cholera can produce what?

Answer 18

• Profuse watery stool
• Tenesmus (feelling like you have to poop, even after you’ve pooped your guts out)
• Abd. pain and vomiting
• Dehydration that can cause circulatory collapse

Question 19

Individuals infected with E. coli exhibit acute bloody diarrhea and abd.
cramping lasting about how long?

Answer 19

One week

Question 20

What is Legionnaires’ disease?

Answer 20

A severe form of pneumonia or lung inflammation caused by a bacterium known as Legionella

Question 21

What is Leptospirosis?

Answer 21

A bacterial disease contracted through skin contact with surface water contaminated with urine from infected animals

Question 22

Symptoms for Salmonellosis include?

Answer 22

Fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea that may be bloody

Question 23

What is the annual death rate caused by Typhoid disease?

Answer 23

200,00 annually; but is not common in industrialized countries.

Question 24

The infectious dose of Shigellosis is ____ to ____ bacteria and the incubation time is one to ________

Answer 24

10 to 100; Seven days

Question 25

What is a protozoan infection?

Answer 25

Infection caused by protozoans.

Question 26

What is amebiasis?

Answer 26

A parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract that is caused by the protozoal organism Entamoeba histolytica.

Question 27

What is Cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 27

An infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is caused by the Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst

Question 28

What is Schistosomiasis?

Answer 28

A disease that is contracted simply by being in contact with water containing schistosomes (blood flukes)

Question 29

What chemicals do S rely on to disinfect water in the field?

Answer 29

 Calcium hypochlorite.  Water purification tablets, chlorine.  Water purification tablets, iodine.

Question 30

What is the active component in calcium hypochlorite?

Answer 30

Chlorine

Question 31

What disinfectant has been shown to be the most | acceptable and adaptable for field potable water treatment operations?

Answer 31

Chlorine

Question 32

The four variables that determine chlorine's effectiveness in disinfecting water include:

Answer 32

 Dose.  Demand.  Residual concentration.  Contact time.

Question 33

What three factors influence chlorine disinfection?

Answer 33

 Adequate mixing.  The pH of the water.  Water temperature.

Question 34

What are the two test kits used to test for chlorine residual?

Answer 34

 Chlorine residual test strips (most commonly found). |  N, N-Diethyl-1, 4 Phenylenediamine Sulfate test kit.

Question 35

What is the intended use of Iodine tablets and what color should they be if they are in good condition?

Answer 35

To disinfect water contained in small containers. Iodine tablets should be steel gray.

Question 36

Unit water pod systems (Camel), Water Trailers M149A2, M1112 trailers, and Five-gallon plastic water cans are all what?

Answer 36

Unit-level bulk water storage and distribution equipment

Question 37

What is the operational temperature range for the camel?

Answer 37

-25 degrees Fahrenheit to +120 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 38

How many filling positions does the Camel contain?

Answer 38

Six

Question 39

800 gallons is the minimum amount of water a Camel can hold. True or False?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The Army employs the M149A2, M1112, and M107 series 400-gallon water trailers to store and distribute drinking water to field units. True or False?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Five-gallon water cans are part of a unit’s water storage and distribution capabilities. True or False?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What do individual Soldiers use to carry water for personal consumption?

Answer 42

 One-quart and two-quart canteens. |  Personal hydration systems that carry between 45- and 100-ounces of water.

Question 43

Approximately how much water should be used to disinfect bulk water supplies?

Answer 43

1/4 ounce for ea 2 gallons of water or 7 grams per 7.5 liters of water.

Question 44

Describe the procedures for purifying 1 & 2 Qrt. canteens.

Answer 44

 Fill the canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available.  Add two iodine tablets to each one-quart canteen full of water, or four tablets to two-quart canteens. A two percent solution of tincture of iodine may be used in place of iodine tablets.  Put the cap on the canteen. Shake the canteen to dissolve tablets.  Wait five minutes. Loosen the cap and tip the canteen over to allow leakage around the canteen threads.  Tighten the cap and wait an additional 25 minutes before drinking

Question 45

How many iodine tabs do you use to disinfect a personal hydration system bladder?

Answer 45

2 tabs for 40-ounce water reservoirs, 4 tabs for 70- or 72-ounces, and 6 for 100- or 102-ounces.

Question 46

To disinfect a personal hydration system, how much contact time should be allowed before consumption?

Answer 46

30 mins

Question 47

Who is responsible for inspecting and identifying deficiencies of the units' bulk water storage equipment?

Answer 47

Unit Field Sanitation team

Question 48

What DA Form can be used as general guide for inspecting all unit bulk water storage containers?

Answer 48

DA Form 5457

Question 49

What are the steps for sanitizing method one?

Answer 49

Use this method if both water and the required chemicals are plentiful as follows:  Fill the container full of water with about 100-milligrams per liter chlorine concentration.  Mix solution around so it contacts all the surfaces.  Run some of the solution through the valves and spigots.  Keep all interior surfaces wet with the solution for at least 60 minutes.  Drain the disinfecting solution into a sanitary sewer or other approved location  Rinse the container and spigots twice with potable water.

Question 50

What are the steps for sanitizing method two?

Answer 50

Use this method if either water or the required chemicals are in short supply as follows:  Prepare five gallons of water with 100-milligrams per liter chlorine concentration.  Using a long-handled brush, stick, or rod with a cloth secured to the end; swab the interior walls of the tank every 10 minutes or as often as necessary to keep the walls wet with the solution.  Run some of the solution through the valves and spigots.  Drain the accumulated solution from the container into a sanitary sewer or other approved location.  Rinse the container and spigots twice with potable water.

Question 51

What should be done if the water container is not going to be used for more than 30 days?

Answer 51

Open the faucets, valve, drain plug, and manhole cover, and allow the tank to air dry.