Fetal Spine And Musuloskeletal System Flashcards
The arrow is pointing to the
Centra ossification center
The arrowheads are pointing to the
Laminae
Laminae are normally angled ____
Inward
OPEN spina bifida
Spina bifida aperta
CLOSED/hidden spina bifida
Spina bifida occulta
Most common form of spina bifida
Aperta
Spina bifida that only contains spinal cord
Myelocele
Condition in which the Cisterna magna is obliterated
Chiari 2
This image demonstrates
Splaying if the laminae, consistent with spina bifida
Spine is abnormally cured LATERALLY
Scoliosis
Spine is abnormally curved POSTERIORLY
Kyphosis
Limb-body wall complex aka
Body stalk anomaly
Short umbilical cord syndrome
Most common sonographic findings of limb-body wall complex
- Short or absent umbilical cord
- encephalocele
- exencephaly
Most common NONLETHAL skeletal dysplasia
Heterozygous achondroplasia
Proximal portions of limbs(femur, humerus) are short
Rhizomelia
- rhizomelia
- frontal bossing
- trident hand
achondroplasia
What is this image of? What is this a sign of?
Trident hand— Achondroplasia
- Absent mineralization of bones
- narrow chest and distended abdomen
- shortened limbs
- polyhydramnios
Achondrogenesis
Osteogenesis imperfecta aka
Brittle bone disease
How many types of osteogenesis imperfecta are there?
4 types
Which type of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe?
Type 2
- multiple fractures
- skull compresses upon pressure from transducer
- bell-shaped chest
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Most common lethal skeletal dysplasia
Thanatophoric dysplasia
Cloverleaf skull shape is associated with
Thanatophoric
What sign is this? What is it associated with?
Cloverleaf skull, Thanatophoric dysplasia
- shortened and bowed long bones
- hydrocephalus
- frontal bossing
- cloverleaf skull
Thanatophoric
Caudal regression syndrome aka
Sacral agenesis
Caudal regression syndrome has a strong association with
Uncontrolled maternal diabetes
Sirenomelia aka
Mermaid syndrome
- Fusion of the lower extremities
- bilateral renal agenesis
- Oligohydramnios
- uncontrolled maternal diabetes
Sirenomelia
Most common congenital neoplasm
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Shortening of a limb is identified when they measure:
More than 4 standard deviations below the norm for gestational age
Absence or underdevelopment of the radius
Radial ray defect
Clubfoot aka
Talipes equinovarus
Club foot
What is the arrow pointing to
Amniotic band
Four most common skeletal dysplasia’s
Achondroplasia
Achondrogenesis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Thanatophoric
Small frontal horns and enlarged occipital horns
Colpocephaly
