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OBGYN > Fetal Head And Brain > Flashcards

Fetal Head And Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Premature fusion of the sutures is called

A

Craniosynostosis

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2
Q

Prosencephalon develops into the

A

Forebrain

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3
Q

Mesencephalon develops into the

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Rhombencephalon develops into the

A

Hindbrain

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5
Q

Spinal cord travels through

A

Foramen magnum

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6
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

This structure connects the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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8
Q

Protective tissue surrounding the brain

A

Meninges

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9
Q

How many layers of the meninges are there?

A

3

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10
Q

Inner layer of meninges

A

Pia mater

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11
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid membrane

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12
Q

Outer layer of meninges

A

Dura mater

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13
Q

Corpus callosum should be complete by

A

18-20 weeks

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14
Q

Absense of the CSP is associated with

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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15
Q

CSP does or doesn’t communicate with the ventricular system

A

Doesn’t

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16
Q

The 3rd and 4th ventricle are connected by the

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius or cerebral aqueduct

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17
Q

CSF moves from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle via the

A

Foramina of Monro

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18
Q

Anechoic, fluid filled space posterior to the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis

A

Cisterna magna

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19
Q

The normal cerebellum is ____ shaped

A

Dumbbell or figure 8

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20
Q

BPD is taken at the level of what structures

A

CSP, falx cerebri, thalamus, 3rd ventricle

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21
Q

BPD calipers are placed

A

Outer edge to inner

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22
Q

Dolichocephaly aka

A

Scaphocephaly

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23
Q

Tool to indicate shape of fetal head

A

Cephalic index

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24
Q

Dolichocephaly is when a cephalic index is:

A

Less than 75

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25
Q

Brachiocephalic head is when a cephalic index is:

A

Greater than 85

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26
Q

What head shape is this

A

Dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly

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27
Q

What head shape is this

A

Bracycephaly

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28
Q

Normal head shape is termed

A

Mesocephalic

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29
Q

Lateral ventricle measurement is taken at the level of the

A

Atrium

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30
Q

Lemon shaped head is associated with what anomaly

A

Chiari 2 malformation

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31
Q

Strawberry shaped head is associated with what anomaly

A

Trisomy 18

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32
Q

Cloverleaf shaped head is associated with what anomaly

A

Thanatophoric dysplasia

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33
Q

Microcephaly is associated with what anomalies

A

TORCH infections
Trisomy 13 & 18
Meckel-Gruber syndrome

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34
Q

Macrocephaly is associated with what anomalies

A

Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome

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35
Q

Brachycephaly is associated with what anomaly

A

Trisomy 21

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36
Q

Dolichocephaly is associated with what anomaly

A

Craniosynostosis

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37
Q

Cerebellum grows at what rate between 14-21 weeks

A

1 mm per week

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38
Q

Cisterna magna should measure less than

A

<10mm

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39
Q

Large Cisterna magna measurement is associated with

A
  • Dandy-Walker

- mega Cisterna magna

40
Q

Cisterna magna should measure more than

A

More than 2mm

41
Q

Cisterna magna measuring small is associated with

A

Chiari 2 malformation

42
Q

Most common cranial abnormality

A

Ventriculomegaly

43
Q

Sonographic sign of ventriculomegaly

A

Dangling choroid sign

44
Q

Obstruction lies outside the ventricular system

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

45
Q

Obstruction is within ventricular system

A

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

46
Q

Most common cause of hydrocephalus in utero

A

Aqueductal stenosis

47
Q

Aqueductal stenosis will dialate:

A

Everything above the 4th ventricle

48
Q

Two main parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum and cerebellum

49
Q

Fatal condition in which the entire cerebrum is replaced by a large sac containing CSF

A

Hydranencephaly

50
Q

Cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis as said to be related to what abnormality

A

Hydranencephaly

51
Q

3 main types of holoprosencephaly

A
  • Alobar
  • Semilobar
  • Lobar
52
Q

Cerebral mantle/cortex shaped like a pancake, cup/horseshoe, ball

A

Alobar holoprosencephaly

53
Q

Most severe holoprosencephaly

54
Q
A

Alobar holoprosencephaly

55
Q

Horseshoe shaped monoventricle

A

Alobar holoprosencephaly

56
Q

50-70% of holoprosencephaly patients have

A

Trisomy 13 or Patau

57
Q

Posterior fossa abnormalities that involve cystic dilatation of the Cisterna magna and 4th ventricle

A

Dandy Walker

58
Q

This is an example of

A

Dandy walker(splayed cerebellum)

59
Q

Corpus callosum will be complete by

60
Q

Sulci have “spoke wheel” or radial pattern is a result of

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

61
Q

Radial/spoke wheel pattern of sulci is called the _____ sign

A

Sunburst sign

62
Q

Sunburst sign is the sonographic sign for

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

63
Q

What sign is this? What abnormality causes this?

A

Sunburst sign— Agenesis of the corpus callosum

64
Q

Development of fluid filled clefts within cerebrum

A

Schizencephaly

65
Q

Cysts that communicate with the ventricular system

A

Porencephaly

66
Q

Porencephaly is most often ___lateral

A

Unilateral

67
Q

“Smooth brain”, no sulci or gyri

A

Lissencephaly

68
Q

Choroid plexus cyst is associated with trisomy __

A

Trisomy 18

69
Q

Most common neural tube defects:

A

Anencephaly and spina bifida

70
Q

Supplement that helps reduce likelihood of neural tube defects

A

Folic acid(folate)

71
Q

Condition that is associated with an absent or hypoplastic cerebellar vermis

A

Dandy walker

72
Q

Type of acrania where there is a normal amount of cerebral tissue

A

Exencephaly

73
Q

Type of acrania where there are no cerebral hemispheres

A

Anencephaly

74
Q

Group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida

75
Q

Most common location of spina bifida

A

Distal lumbosacral region

76
Q

What is the banana sign

A

Cerebellum is shaped like a banana

77
Q

Banana sign is associated with what

A

Spina bifida/ Chiari 2

78
Q

Mass that protrudes containing spinal cord and meninges

A

Myelomeningocele

79
Q

Hernition of meninges

A

Meningocele

80
Q

Herniation of meninges and spinal cord

A

Myelomeningocele

81
Q

What sign is this? What is it associated with?

A

Banana sign, spinach bifida/Chiari 2

82
Q

Protrusions of intracranial contents through a defect in the skull

A

Cephalocele

83
Q

The most common location of a cephalocele

A

Occipital region

84
Q

Type of cephalocele that contains meninges only

A

Meningocele

85
Q

Type of cephalocele that contains brain tissue only

A

Encephalocele

86
Q

Type of cephalocele that contains meninges and brain tissue

A

Encephalomeningocele

87
Q

Type of cephalocele that contains meninges, brain tissue, and lateral ventricle

A

Encephalomeningocystocele

88
Q

Most common intracranial tumor found in utero

89
Q

TORCH stands for

A 
Toxoplasmosis 
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus 
Herpes
90
Q

Most common in utero infection

A

Cytomegalovirus

91
Q

Most common risk factor for fetal intrauterine intracranial hemorrhage

A

Maternal platelet disorder

92
Q

Normal MCA/umbilical artery resistive index is

93
Q

Vein of Galen aneurysm is associated with

A

Hydrops and cardiomegaly

94
Q

What is this

A

Vein of Galen malformation

95
Q
  • microcephaly
  • occipital encephalocele
  • polydactyly
  • polycystic kidneys
A

Meckel-Gruber

OBGYN (22 decks)

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