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OBGYN > Fetal Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Fetal Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal kidneys are developed and ascend into their normal position by week __

A

Week 9

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2
Q

Most common renal anomaly

A

Duplex collecting system

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3
Q

Urachus is located

A

Between the apex of the bladder and the umbilicus

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4
Q

Fetal urinary bladder normally fills and empties once every ___

A

30-45 minutes

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5
Q

The kidneys can be seen sonographically by ____

A

11 weeks transvaginally

12 weeks transabdominal

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6
Q

VACTERL stands for:

A 
Vertebral
Anal atresia
Cardiac
TraceoEsophageal atresia
Renal
Limb
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7
Q

VACTERL aka

A

VATER or VACTEL

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8
Q

How many abnormalities listed in VACTERL need to be present for patients to have this association

A

3 of the abnormalities must be present

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9
Q

Most frequent cause of oligohydramnios

A

Renal abnormalities

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10
Q

The most worrisome consequence of oligohydramnios is:

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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11
Q

Sign associated with renal agenesis:

A

“Lying down” adrenal sign

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12
Q

What are the arrowheads pointing to?

A

Adrenal gland in a flattened, parallel position

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13
Q

What sign is this? What is it associated with?

A

“Lying down” adrenal sign. Associated with renal agenesis

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14
Q

Most likely cause of bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys in utero

A

ARPKD

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15
Q

Fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyl, polycystic kidneys

A

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

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16
Q

Sonographic difference between ARPKD and ADPKD

A

With ADPKD a normal AFI volume is present and urinary bladder is visible

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17
Q

MCDK is caused by

A

An early renal obstruction

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18
Q
  • Small, echogenic kidneys with peripheral cysts,
  • thick walled bladder
  • oligohydramnios
A

Obstructive Cystic Dysplasia

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19
Q

Most common fetal abnormality noted during obstetric exam

A

Hydronephrosis

20
Q

Enlargement of the bladder

A

Megacystis

21
Q

Measurement of the renal pelvis is made in what plane?

A

Anterior posterior plane

22
Q

Before 20 weeks, renal pelvis should not exceed ____

A

7mm

23
Q

After 20 weeks, renal pelvis should not measure more than ___

A

10 mm

24
Q

3 most common areas of obstruction

A

UPJ
Urethra
UVJ

25
Q

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonate and most common form of fetal renal obstruction

A

UPJ

26
Q

UPJ is more often in ____(male or female)

A

Male

27
Q

Fetal pyelectasis can be a marker for what chromosomal anomaly

A

Trisomy 21

28
Q

Sonographic sign for posterior urethral valves(PUV)

A

Keyhole sign

29
Q

Triad of absent abdominal musculature, undescended testis, and urinary tract abnormalities describes

A

Prune Belly syndrome

30
Q

Sonographic sign of prune belly syndrome

A

Keyhole sign

31
Q

What sign is this? What abnormalities is it associated with?

A

Keyhole sign. Associated with PUV and prune belly syndrome

32
Q

Least common cause of hydronephrosis in the fetus

A

UVJ

33
Q

Bladder located outside the pelvis

A

Bladder extrophy

34
Q

Most common solid fetal renal mass

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

35
Q

Sonographic finding of bladder extrophy

A

Lower abdominal wall mass inferior to umbilicus, absent bladder, normal kidneys

36
Q

The sex of the embryo depends on the:

A

Sperm

37
Q

Ovum always contributes a ___ chromosome

A

X

38
Q

Most common malignant abdominal mass in neonates

A

Neuroblastoma

39
Q

Most common fetal genitalia abnormality in the female is

A

Clitoromegaly

40
Q

Abnormal ventral curve of the penis resulting from a shortened urethra

A

Hypospadias

41
Q

No visible bladder seen, combined with this finding suggests

A

Bladder extrophy

42
Q

Most common urethral obstruction in females

A

Cloacal malformation

43
Q

Most common bladder outlet obstruction in males

A

Posterior urethral valves(PUV)

44
Q

Prune belly syndrome aka

A

Eagle-Barrett syndrome

45
Q

Most common cause of fetal bladder rupture

A

PUV

OBGYN (22 decks)

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