Fetal Spine

Question 1

Synonyms for Spina bifida

Answer 1

Spinal dysraphism
Rachischisis
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele

Question 2

What causes Spina bifida?

Answer 2

Lack of fusion of posterior laminae

Question 3

What deficiency plays role in neural tube defects?

Answer 3

Folic acid

Question 4

Two types of Spina bifida

Answer 4

Ventral

Dorsal

Question 5

Ventral defects are rare and are usually seen:

Answer 5

In lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

Question 6

Dorsal defects are the most common.

T/F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Types of dorsal defects

Answer 7

Spina bifida occulta (completely covered by skin)
Spina bifida aperta (most frequent)
Spina bifida cystica (may appear as cyst)
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele

Question 8

Sono trait of Spina bifida

Answer 8

Posterior ossification centers splay into U or V shape

Question 9

Most common region of Spina bifida to occur

Answer 9

Lumbar

Question 10

When Spina bifida is present what else should you evaluate for?

Answer 10

Movement in upper and lower limbs
Chiari II malformation
Talipes equinovarus (club foot)

Question 11

Scoliosis is abnormal ______________ curvature of spine.

Answer 11

Lateral

Question 12

Kyphosis is best seen on

Answer 12

Coronal and posterior longitudinal views

Question 13

Complete or partial agenesis of the sacrum is known as:

Answer 13

Caudal regression

Question 14

Caudal regression may involve

Answer 14

Lumbar spine

Question 15

Caudal regression is more common in

Answer 15

Infants of type 1 diabetic mothers

Question 16

Associated defects with caudal regression

Answer 16

Genitourinary abnormalities
GI abnormalities
Cardiac abnormalities
Neural tube abnormalities

Question 17

Sirenomelia is referred to as

Answer 17

Mermaid syndrome

Question 18

Legs are fused and feet are deformed or absent in this condition

Answer 18

Sirenomelia

Question 19

Most common associated anomalies with Sirenomelia

Answer 19

Facial deformities

Question 20

What is a germ cell tumor arising from the presacral area?

Answer 20

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Question 21

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma contains:

Answer 21

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 22

Females are affected four times less frequently than males.

T/F

Answer 22

False, more frequently

Question 23

Four types of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Answer 23

External with minimal presacral component
External with significant intrapelvic component
Internal with abdominal extension
Internal with no external component