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OBGYN Pathology > 1st Trimester > Flashcards

1st Trimester Flashcards

1
Q

What is a soft tissue mass within the uterine cavity that consists of chorionic villus trophoblasts and grows rapidly?

A

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)

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2
Q

By 2nd trimester, trophoblastic tissue becomes markedly what?

A

Hydropic

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3
Q

Increased amount of trophoblasts results in high _______, which results in ___________ and __________.

A

HCG, bilateral theca lutein cysts, and hyperemesis

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4
Q

Classifications of GTN

A

1) hydatidiform mole

2) persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

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5
Q

Types of hydatidiform mole

A

Complete and partial

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6
Q

Types of PGTN

A

Invasive mole

Choriocarcinoma

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7
Q

Complete hydatidiform mole is the most common form.

T/F

A

True

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8
Q

What is a complete hydatidiform mole?

A

Benign trophoblastic tumor confined to endometrial cavity

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9
Q

Complete moles arise from?

A

Fertilization of ovum with no maternal chromosomes, no fetus present

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10
Q

After mole is removed HCG levels are closely monitored because they must _____________?

A

Return to zero

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11
Q

What’s a coexistant mole?

A

Twin gestation in which one twin is normal and other is mole

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12
Q

What’s a partial mole?

A

Molar transformation of placenta in association with a triploid fetus
69XXY or 69XX

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13
Q

What else may you see with triploid fetus?

A

IUGR
Oligohydramnios
Males demonstrate Hydropic chorionic villi
May develop theca lutein cysts

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14
Q

Triploidy is not a lethal condition.

T/F

A

False, it is lethal

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15
Q

What’s another name for an invasive mole?

A

Chorioadenoma destruens

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16
Q

Invasive mole is:

A

Recurrence of trophoblastic neoplasia with (nonmetastatic) invasion into myometrium

17
Q

How is invasive mole diagnosed?

A

When HCG levels plateau or rise instead of falling after uterine evacuation

18
Q

Choriocarcinoma is a highly metastatic trophoblastic tumor that metastasizes to:

A

Lungs, spleen, kidney, intestines, liver and brain

19
Q

Low risk patients with potential Choriocarcinoma are given:

A

Methotrexate

20
Q

The higher the HCG the higher the risk of Choriocarcinoma.

T/F

A

True

21
Q

When is treatment for PGTN considered successful?

A

If HCG measurements are normal for at least 12 months and no evidence metastatic disease

22
Q

What can GTN resemble in the 1st trimester?

A

Blighted ovum or incomplete abortion

23
Q

When would you see the “snowstorm” appearance with GTN?

A

In the 2nd trimester

24
Q

What is a subchorionic hemorrhage?

A

Crescent shaped fluid collection between gestational sac and uterine wall

25
Q

Subchorionic hemorrhage increases risk of:

A

Spontaneous miscarriage
Preeclampsia
Placental abnormalities
Preterm delivery

26
Q

Patients with complete hydatidiform moles present with:

A

Large for dates uterus

Possible vaginal bleeding

27
Q

Patients with complete hydatidiform moles may develop:

A 
Anemia
Hyperemesis
Toxemia
Hyperthyroidism
Respiratory insufficiency
28
Q

Placentamegaly is when the placenta measures greater than _________ before _____ weeks

A

4cm, 24

29
Q

Placenta too thin when:

A

Less than or equal to 1.5 cm

30
Q

When do the chorion and amnion fuse together?

A

At 14 weeks

31
Q

How do amniotic sheets form?

A

Amnion forms over intrauterine synechiae, forming sheet across uterus in one scan plane and free floating edge scanned in orthogonal plane

32
Q

What is amniotic band syndrome?

A

When amnion ruptures during first trimester, the sticky side adheres to and entraps fetal structures causing malformations from fibrous strands of amnion

33
Q

What’s another term for amniotic band syndrome?

A

Amnion rupture sequence

34
Q

Fetal malformations associated with amniotic band syndrome

A 
Noncentral cephalocele
Asymmetric face
Facial clefts 
Anencephaly
Acrania
Constriction rings 
Amputation defects
Joint contractures
Club feet
Ventral wall defects

OBGYN Pathology (10 decks)

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