Fetal Heart

Question 1

Cardiac anomalies are the least common fetal anomalies.

T/F

Answer 1

False, most common

Question 2

Maternal risk factors of fetal cardiac anomalies

Answer 2

Maternal cardiac defect
Insulin dependent diabetic
Phenylketonuria
Teratogen exposure (lithium, alcohol, anticonvulsants)

Question 3

Fetal risk factors for fetal cardiac anomalies

Answer 3

Fetal arrhythmia
Extracardiac anomaly
Chromosomal abnormalities 
Structural abnormality
Nonimmune Hydrops
Polyhydramnios
Increased nuchal translucency
Twin gestation

Question 4

Familial risk factors for fetal cardiac anomalies

Answer 4

Mendelian syndromes

• tuberous sclerosis
• noonan syndrome
• holt oram syndrome
• Ellis van creveld syndrome

Question 5

3 types of atrial septal defects

Answer 5

Secundum
Sinus venosus
Primum

Question 6

Secundum atrial defects are

Answer 6

Most common

Difficult to diagnose in utero because of patent foramen ovale

Question 7

Sinus venosus atrial defects are located

Answer 7

Posterior to foramen ovale, inferior to SVC

Question 8

Primum atrial defects lie immediately above

Answer 8

The AV valves

Crux of heart is abnormal

Question 9

Ventricular septal defects include:

Answer 9

Perimembranous
Muscular
Inlet defects

Question 10

Perimembranous VSDs are best documented in

Answer 10

Long axis view with septum perpendicular to sound beam

Question 11

Perimembranous VSDs occur in a portion of the septum that lies

Answer 11

Adjacent to anterior aortic root

Question 12

Muscular defects are difficult to detect unless

Answer 12

Enlarged

Question 13

Muscular VSDs usually involve:

Answer 13

Abnormal alignment and hypoplasia of outlet or conal septum

Question 14

Inlet defects are usually associated with a:

Answer 14

Atrial ventricular septal defect

Question 15

If no AVSD present, may be an association with overriding or straddling:

Answer 15

Tricuspid valve

Question 16

AVSD stands for:

Answer 16

Atrioventricular septal defect

Question 17

AVSDs may be referred to as:

Answer 17

Endocardial cushion defects
OR
AV canal defect

Question 18

AVSD occur in:

And are a combination of:

Answer 18

Central part of heart

Primum atrial septal defect and a ventricular septal defect

Question 19

Anomalies associated with AVSD

Answer 19

Tetralogy of fallot
Double outlet right ventricle
Coarctation of AO
Sub aortic stenosis
Ventricular hypoplasia 
Pulmonary valve stenosis

Question 20

Transposition of Great Arteries is associated with what anomalies?

Answer 20

Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale
VSD

Question 21

In TGA the vessels arise:

Answer 21

Parallel from base of heart
Aorta from right ventricle
Pulmonary artery from left ventricle

Question 22

Truncus arteriosus is:

Answer 22

A single arterial vessel that arises from base of heart, typically overrides ventricular septum

Question 23

Truncus arteriosus involves only pulmonary circulation.

T/F

Answer 23

False, pulmonary and systemic

Question 24

Truncus arteriosus are usually noted with:

Answer 24

A large VSD

Question 25

How can you tell the difference between Truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 25

Must see the pulmonary arteries

Question 26

Chromosome 22q11 deletion can be detected with a:

Answer 26

FISH analysis

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

Question 27

What occurs with double outlet right ventricle?

Answer 27

Both great arteries arise from the morphologic right ventricle.