Fetal Heart Flashcards
Cardiac anomalies are the least common fetal anomalies.
T/F
False, most common
Maternal risk factors of fetal cardiac anomalies
Maternal cardiac defect
Insulin dependent diabetic
Phenylketonuria
Teratogen exposure (lithium, alcohol, anticonvulsants)
Fetal risk factors for fetal cardiac anomalies
Fetal arrhythmia Extracardiac anomaly Chromosomal abnormalities Structural abnormality Nonimmune Hydrops Polyhydramnios Increased nuchal translucency Twin gestation
Familial risk factors for fetal cardiac anomalies
Mendelian syndromes
- tuberous sclerosis
- noonan syndrome
- holt oram syndrome
- Ellis van creveld syndrome
3 types of atrial septal defects
Secundum
Sinus venosus
Primum
Secundum atrial defects are
Most common
Difficult to diagnose in utero because of patent foramen ovale
Sinus venosus atrial defects are located
Posterior to foramen ovale, inferior to SVC
Primum atrial defects lie immediately above
The AV valves
Crux of heart is abnormal
Ventricular septal defects include:
Perimembranous
Muscular
Inlet defects
Perimembranous VSDs are best documented in
Long axis view with septum perpendicular to sound beam
Perimembranous VSDs occur in a portion of the septum that lies
Adjacent to anterior aortic root
Muscular defects are difficult to detect unless
Enlarged
Muscular VSDs usually involve:
Abnormal alignment and hypoplasia of outlet or conal septum
Inlet defects are usually associated with a:
Atrial ventricular septal defect
If no AVSD present, may be an association with overriding or straddling:
Tricuspid valve
AVSD stands for:
Atrioventricular septal defect
AVSDs may be referred to as:
Endocardial cushion defects
OR
AV canal defect
AVSD occur in:
And are a combination of:
Central part of heart
Primum atrial septal defect and a ventricular septal defect
Anomalies associated with AVSD
Tetralogy of fallot Double outlet right ventricle Coarctation of AO Sub aortic stenosis Ventricular hypoplasia Pulmonary valve stenosis
Transposition of Great Arteries is associated with what anomalies?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale
VSD
In TGA the vessels arise:
Parallel from base of heart
Aorta from right ventricle
Pulmonary artery from left ventricle
Truncus arteriosus is:
A single arterial vessel that arises from base of heart, typically overrides ventricular septum
Truncus arteriosus involves only pulmonary circulation.
T/F
False, pulmonary and systemic
Truncus arteriosus are usually noted with:
A large VSD
