Fetal Growth

Question 1

What is Nagle’s rule?

Answer 1

add 7d to LMP and subtract 3 mos

Question 2

What are events in the first 2 weeks from conception?

Answer 2

Fertilization, zygote, blastocyst (secretes HCG), implantation, 1st of 3 germ layers

Question 3

When is the embryonic period, what happens?

Answer 3

thru wk 8. Buds of eyes, ears, limbs, face/neck form, brain/spinal cord, heart, nose, mouth/palate, neck forming wks 4 - 7, size of kidney bean by wk 8, intestines rotate wk 10. 1st trimester most imp’t for organogenesis

Question 4

How are the trimesters divided?

Answer 4

1st = wks 1-12, 2nd = wks 13 to 27, 3rd = wks 28 to 40 (this all varies from 12-14 wks in each trimester)

Question 5

What is lg for gestational age (macrosomia) and what are risk factors?

Answer 5

> 90% percentile for age, >4000g, Risk factors: GDM, lg mom, post-term, hx lg babies

Question 6

What are risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?

Answer 6

Type I DM, drugs, chronic dz’s, genetic abn, twins, anemia, low socioeconomic status, anemia, assisted reproductive technology

Question 7

What are the types of IUGR?

Answer 7

symmetric = all organs are decreased proportionately, asymmetric = disproportionate decrease in organs (normal head size)

Question 8

What is the etiology of most birth defects?

Answer 8

Unknown!

Question 9

What are the effects of EtOH on the fetus?

Answer 9

low birth wt, mental retardation, abn facial features

Question 10

What are the effects of tobacco on the fetus?

Answer 10

low birth wt, impaired lung devlp’t, miscarriage, stillbirth, PROM

Question 11

What are effects of opiates on the fetus?

Answer 11

preterm, microcephaly, withdrawal, SIDS, growth problems

Question 12

What is gestational age, when is it measured from?

Answer 12

it is measured from the 1st day of the LMP, and the fetus is born 40 wks after this.

Question 13

What is the survival rate at 24wks, 28wks, 32wks gestation?

Answer 13

50%, 90%, 99% survival rate