Fetal Complications Of Pregnancy Flashcards
Proportionately small
Dec fetal growth potential
Insult <20 weeks
Fetal etiology
Symmetrical IUGR
Growth restriction
LBW <10th percentile
IUGR
Only AC is dec N fetal growth potential Insult >20 w Inc head to abdomen ratio Placental and maternal etiology
Asymmetrical IUGR
RF IUGR pregnancy
Maternal weight less than 10th percentile
Prev IUGR infant
Maternal, vascular and cardiac disease
Polydramnios
AFI >24
Caused by fetal malformations and maternal DM
Dyspnea and LE edema
Amniocentesis Amniotomy Indomethacin
Oligohydramnios
AFI <5
Caused by obstruction of fetal urinary tract or renal agenesis
Amnioinfusion
Gold std for confirming fetal death
Absence of fetal cardiac activity
Scalp edema
Fetal maceration
Gas bubbles
Radiographic evidence to establish fetal death
Robert sign gas bubble in heart earliest
Spalding sign overlapping of fetal bones
Ball sign exaggeration of fetal spinal curvature
DIC and Coagulopathy occurs to mother in with still birth
Fetus>14w AOG
Dead for >4w AOG
Abnormal placental shapes
Multiple placenta with single fetus
Bipartite or bilobata
Abnormal placental shapes
One or more small accessory lobes developed in membranes at a distance from periphery of main placenta
Succenturiate
Abnormal placental shapes
Central portion of discoidal placenta is missing
Fenestrated
Abnormal placental shapes
Central depression surrounded by thickened grayish white ring of membrane
Circumvallate
Abnormal placental shapes
Thinner ring of membrane coincides with placental margin
Circummarginate
Utz: no hypoechoic retroplacental zone
Color doppler: dilated vascular channels with diffuse lacunar flow
Placenta accreta
Normal length of UC
55-60 cm
Cord insertion at the placental margin
Battledore placenta
Velamentous insertion
Cord inserts in the membrane at a distance from the placenta
Knots from kinking of vessels to accommodate cord length
Knots from active movements
False
True
Extreme focal deficiency of Wharton jelly
Stricture
Rupture of varix usually from umbilical vein
Hematoma
Cyst derived from remnant of umbilical vesicles or allantois
Cyst from liquefaction of Wharton jelly
True
False
Multifetal gestation
Influenced by race
Spontaneous
Fraternal
Identical
Structure formation
Day 3
Day 8
Day 12
Chorion
Amnion
Embryonic plate
MC point where conjoined twins are fused
Thoracophagus
Best outcome among monozygotic twins
Dichorionic diamniotic
Most common type of multifetal gestation
Monochorionic diamniotic
Highest mortality Cord entanglement Twin Twin Transfusion Fetal death Abn vascular connections
Monochorionic monoamnionic
Fertility augmentation
Clomiphene citrate
Human menopausal gonadotropin
MCC morbidity and mortality in multifetal gestation
PTL
Utz findings in multifetal gestation
Multiple gestational sacs
Twin peak sign for dichorionic twins
T or hair like sign for monochorionic twins
Discordancy
Hct difference >20%
Bt wt difference >20%
MC route of delivery for multifetal gestation
Cephalic-cephalic
