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MSK > Fertilization and Gastrulation > Flashcards

Fertilization and Gastrulation Flashcards

1
Q

corona radiata

A

surround ovum, follicles from mom

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2
Q

zona pellucida

A

glycoprotein layer of ovum

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3
Q

perivitelline space

A

between PM and zona pellucida of ovum

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4
Q

acrosome

A

part of head of sperm, contains enzymes

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5
Q

middle piece of sperm

A

part of tail, have mitochondria

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6
Q

fertilization occurs in the

A

ampula (distal 1/3 of fallopian/uterin tube)

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7
Q

capacitation

A

glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins removed from PM of head of sperm, need this to happen to release acrosome enzymes (acrosome reaction)

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8
Q

sperm release ____ to penetrate corona radiata

A

hyaluronidase (and mucosal proteins)

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9
Q

sperm release _____ to penetrate zona pellucida

A

esterases, acrosin, neuraminidase

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10
Q

zona reaction

A

block to polyspermy, granules are released by egg into perivitelline space, react with zona, zona changes configuration into solid meshwork to block other sperm

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11
Q

cleavage happens ___ hours after fertilization

A

30

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12
Q

fertilization takes approximately ___ hours

A

24

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13
Q

cleavage

A 
inc in cell #, dec in cell size
embryo size unchanged
morula development (day 3)
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14
Q

day 4

A

morula enters uterus

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15
Q

zona pellucida starts to degenerate around day __

A

5

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16
Q

late blastocyst

A

day 7, NO zona pellucida (embryo “hatches”)

17
Q

cells of trophoblast give rise to ______

A

the placenta

18
Q

early pregnancy factor

A

immunosuppressive, can use to detect

19
Q

cytotrophoblast

A

eventually replaces trophoblast
stem cell layer, mitotically active
give rise to syncytiotrophoblast

20
Q

syncytiotrophoblast

A

release proteolytic enzymes that start to erode into uterine lining
responsible for implantation and initial signal of pregnancy (release hCG)

21
Q

complete hydatidiform mole results from

A

1) fertilization of an EMPTY oocyte followed by duplication of the sperm or 2) fertilization of an EMPTY oocyte by 2 sperm

22
Q

what is a hydatidiform mole and what can it lead to

A

abnormal proliferation of trophoblast, excessive amounts of hCG produced
can lead to choriocarcinomas

23
Q

partial hydatidiform mole results from

A

fertilization of a NORMAL oocyte by 2 sperm

24
Q

inner cell mass

A

gives rise to epiblast (ectoderm, amnion, amniotic cavity)

intraembryonic

25
Q

hypoblast

A

extraembryonic endoderm, only exists during week 2

prechordal plate, primary and secondary yolk sac, extraembryonic mesoderm

26
Q

extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

A

lining trophoblast and covering amnion

27
Q

extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

A

lining yolk sac

28
Q

connecting stalk

A

formed from EE somatic mesoderm, becomes umbilical cord

29
Q

primitive blood

A

formed from EE splanchnic mesoderm, forms in wall of yolk sac

30
Q

chorion

A

formed from EE somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast
layer of the placenta

31
Q

placenta previa

A

implant too close to the cervic
internal os: near uterus
external os: near cervix
suggest C section

32
Q

give rise to all 3 germ layers

A

epiblast

33
Q

why do the prechordal plate and cloacal membrane die?

A

no component of mesoderm=no blood supply

34
Q

septum transversum

A

mesoderm, becomes part of diaphragm

35
Q

cardiogenic area

A

mesoderm, becomes heart, forms cephalad to prechordal plate

36
Q

chordomas

A

neoplasms of bone that arise from remnants of notochord, occur in axial skeleton in spheno-occipital region of skull and sacral regions

37
Q

paraxial mesoderm gives rise to…

A

somites (myotomes, sclerotomes, dermatomes)

38
Q

intermediate mesoderm gives rise to…

A

urogenital (kidney, gonads)

39
Q

lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to…

A

connective tissue (blood, lymph, mesenteries, CV)

MSK (13 decks)

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