Development of the Nervous System Flashcards
gray matter
location of cell bodies of neurons
cell bodes or unmyelinated axons
white matter
location of axons
dorsal (posterior) horn
sensory
lateral horn
autonomics
ventral (anterior) horn
motor
dorsal (posterior) funiculus
sensory (ascending to the brain)
lateral funiculus
sensory and motor
anterior (ventral) funiculus
primary motor
alar plate
sensory
basal plate
motor
sulcus limitans
separates alar and basal
ventricular zone
stem cells, form choroid plexus cells which secrete cerebral spinal fluid
intermediate zone (mantle layer)
neurons, glials, astrocytes (cell bodies) grey matter
marginal zone
axons from neurons are found, myelinated by oligodendrocytes in CNS, white matter
microglial cells come from
mesoderm
high BMP activate ____ and ____ = ______ differentiation= _____ plate
PAX 3 and 7= sensory neuron differentiation= alar plate
high SHH levels activate ____ and ____ = _______ formation = _____ plate
NKX2.2 and NKX6.1= ventral neuron formation= basal plate
just dorsal there are slightly lower levels of ___ and higher levels of ___ which activate ____ and ____= _______ neurons
SHH, BMP, NKX6.1 and PAX6= ventral motor neurons
GSE
motor, somatic (skeletal) muscle
GVE
autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
SVE
muscles derived from pharyngeal arches (face, head and neck)
GSA
sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendon muscle
structures that either came from ectoderm or came from mesoderm that was close to ectoderm
GVA
sensory of the visceral structures (lungs, GI)
structures either from endoderm or mesoderm that was close to endoderm
SSA
hearing, balance, sight
SVA
taste and smell, chemical senses
Hirshprang’s disease
megacolon
defect in neural crest cells (post-ganglionic parasympathetics)
_______ are the cells that myelinate in CNS
oligodendrocytes
6th month through puberty
______ are the cells that myelinate in PNS
Shwann cells, motor roots myelinated before sensory roots
4th month en utero
