Fertility and Pregnancy - Pregnancy Flashcards
What are the three stages of pregnancy?
Blastogenesis (2 weeks), Embryonic stage (organ development), Foetal stage (3rd month to term)
Which of the following is a common symptom in early pregnancy? a) Nausea b) Vaginal discharge c) Cramping
c) Cramping
How does undernutrition affect pregnancy?
Undernutrition during pregnancy can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in both mother and child.
What can happen due to excess and unbalanced food choices during pregnancy?
It can lead to higher birth weight and increase the risk of obesity, cancer, and asthma later in life.
Which food is associated with the risk of listeria during pregnancy?
Soft and blue cheeses.
Why is hydration critical during pregnancy?
It helps accommodate increases in blood volume, replenishes amniotic fluid, and reduces pregnancy-related issues like morning sickness and pre-eclampsia.
Which of the following is a safe herb to use during pregnancy? a) Ginger b) Rosemary c) Yarrow
a) Ginger (safe in small doses)
How can toxoplasmosis be transmitted to a pregnant woman?
Through raw/undercooked meat, unwashed fruit and vegetables, and contact with cat faeces.
What is the general guideline regarding prescription medicines during pregnancy?
Prescription medicines should be used minimally and only when the benefits outweigh the risks.
How does smoking affect pregnancy?
It increases the risk of premature delivery, low birth weight, cleft lip/palate, and SIDS.
How much extra protein is required during pregnancy?
6-10g extra per day to support fetal and maternal tissue growth.
What is the recommended daily calcium intake during pregnancy?
1000mg for healthy fetal and maternal bone health.
How much magnesium is recommended during pregnancy?
360-400mg daily.
Why is iron important during pregnancy?
It supports oxygen transport to the fetus and helps prevent anemia.
What is the recommended daily vitamin A intake during pregnancy?
Ensure optimal status before conception, ideally from beta-carotene sources.
What is the daily requirement for Vitamin D during pregnancy?
2000 IU per day.
Why are EPA and DHA important during pregnancy?
They support neurodevelopment and healthy birth weight.
How does pregnancy affect a baby’s microbiome?
Birth method and perinatal care affect the initial gut colonization of the baby.
What types of exercise are suitable during pregnancy?
Brisk walking in the first trimester, followed by pregnancy yoga or gentle walking in later trimesters.
What is a common remedy for morning sickness?
Ginger tea and smaller, more frequent meals.
What nutrient deficiencies are linked to an increased risk of pre-eclampsia?
Low calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D.
How can gestational diabetes be managed?
Through a low-GI diet, regular exercise, and possibly chromium picolinate supplementation.
How can heartburn be relieved in pregnancy?
Avoid trigger foods and sleep with your head elevated on the left side.
What can help relieve constipation during pregnancy?
Drink plenty of fluids, eat fiber-rich foods, and consider magnesium citrate supplements.
