Fertility and Pregnancy - Microbiome and Fertility Flashcards
How can periodontal disease in women impact fertility?
It can prevent ovulation by increasing IL-1 (inhibits GnRH), delay conception by ~2 months, and bacterial byproducts can affect the fetus.
What bacteria from oral infections has been found in amniotic fluid and placenta?
Fusobacterium nucleatum.
How can periodontal disease in men affect fertility?
Oral infections are linked to infertility; treating them can improve sperm parameters by 20%.
Where does the seminal microbiome (SMB) originate from?
It originates from the GIT, mouth, vagina (partner and mother).
What is the role of the seminal microbiome in fertility?
Aids conception, modulates immune response, and supports offspring health.
What kind of bacterial dominance is ideal in the seminal microbiome?
Lactobacillus dominance, which helps prevent sperm damage by ROS.
How does sex during IVF potentially increase implantation success?
Seminal microbiome prompts cervical immune signaling like regulatory T-cells.
What factors negatively impact the seminal microbiome?
Antibiotics, antifungals, STIs, prostatitis, lubricants, smoking, alcohol, obesity, poor hygiene.
Which bacteria are commonly associated with male infertility?
Ureaplasma urealyticum, E. coli, Prevotella, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes.
What characterizes a healthy vaginal microbiome (VMB)?
Dominance of Lactobacilli species with low diversity of other microbes.
Which lactobacillus species is associated with higher IVF success?
Lactobacillus crispatus.
What bacterial conditions in the vagina can increase miscarriage risk?
Bacterial vaginosis (e.g. ureaplasma, gardnerella) with low lactobacilli and high pH.
What factors negatively affect the vaginal microbiota?
STIs, alcohol, smoking, poor hygiene, high glucose, copper IUD, vitamin deficiencies.
Why is cervical fluid important for the vaginal microbiota?
It’s rich in glycogen, a fuel source for lactobacilli.
How can you improve the vaginal microbiota?
Reduce infections, improve glucose and estrogen levels, and support lactobacilli with pre/probiotics.
