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KIN 401 > Feminist Ethics > Flashcards

Feminist Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Feminists have critiqued other ethics on 5 fronts:

A
  • show less concern for women’s issues
  • show less concern for private spheres
  • imply that women are less morally mature
  • overrates masculine traits while underrating feminine ones (strength, rationality etc.)
  • favour male ways of moralizing (rules, rights, universality) over female ways (relationships, partiality, responsibilities)
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2
Q

Standpoint theory:

A
  • assumes that morality is timeless, contextless, and pure

- tells moral agents what they ought to do no matter who they are or what form of social life they inhabit

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3
Q

Ethics should not be a ____ _____ to follow. Instead, it should arise from …

A
  • universal code

- the interactions between and among people

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4
Q

Ethics are ______.

A

interpersonal

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5
Q

Moral philosophers who forget standpoint theory will wind up representing as ‘universal’ a point of view that best represents …

A

only a socially advantaged group of white men

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6
Q

One must be careful not to ____ _____ by becoming _____.

A
  • domination

- dominating

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7
Q

Male Ethics: Kohlberg’s ethical stages:

A
  • young children do as they’re told to avoid punishment
  • children help others only if they get helped first
  • adolescents adhere to social norms to get approval
  • adolescents develop a sense of duty and defer to authority to gain respect and admiration
  • adults adopt a basic utilitarian perspective (do as you please but don’t hurt others)
  • mature adults develop a universal Kantian ethical perspective
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8
Q

Gilligan’s stages:

A
  1. overemphasize self interests
  2. overemphasize others’ interests
  3. weave together self and others’ interests relationally
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9
Q

Women understand _____’s language of _____ and _____ rules, but men tend not to understand or value the language of ____ and ____.

A
  • Kohlberg
  • rational
  • universal
  • caring
  • nurturing
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10
Q

We need level ____ thinking to guide _____ _____.

A
  • 3

- moral deliberation

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11
Q

Level 3:

A

relational caring

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12
Q

Traditional ethics assume ____ between rational agents.

A

equality

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13
Q

Relationships are hardly ____.

A

equal

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14
Q

Without caring, inequality…

A

can turn to abuse

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15
Q

With caring, inequality…

A

becomes nurturing assistance

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16
Q

With level 3 caring, the relationship between …., rather than the relationship between ….., should guide us

A
  • a nurturing person and a child

- two rational contractors

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17
Q

Can an ethic of care go too far?

A
  • yes, if you care about someone no matter what they do

- if you care about them even when it’s unreciprocated

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18
Q

Distorted/undistorted care:

A
  • caring cannot be demanded or forced
  • because women are not yet equal in society, an ethic of care remains difficult
  • as long as women do more than their fair share of care giving work, both sexes will remain morally deprived
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19
Q

Caring for someone means 2 things:

A
  • really understanding what they need and what is important to them
  • be willing to change yourself if that is required
20
Q

You must also care about _____:

A
  • yourself

- really understand who you are and what is important to you (no continual self sacrifice)

21
Q

Moral principle for care-focused feminists:

A

caring relationships should be nurtured and this should guide our actions

22
Q

Blending the 2 aspects of care-focused feminists means ______ with others. It is ______.

A
  • engaging

- interpersonal

23
Q

How are moral life and social life intertwined?

A
  • moral responsibilities flow from our social position
  • ie. gender, age, economic status, race, other factors distribute powers and forms of recognition differentially and hierarchically
24
Q

In power focused feminist ethics, questions of _____, ______ and ______ now become central (in contrast to questions of _____, _______, and _____).

A
  • authority
  • credibility
  • representation
  • rationality
  • universality
  • logic
25
Q

Not everyone has the same power to ____ or ______ moral terms, which means what is _____ for one person may not be for another.

A
  • set or change

- ethical

26
Q

Bullying only happens from _____ to _____. The _____ can engage in similar actions without _____.

A
  • powerful

- powerless

27
Q

Changing ____ ____ ____ is necessary before equality, justice, and/or caring can arise.

A

oppressive power relations

28
Q

You can’t be ____ within an _____ system.

A
  • ethical

- unethical

29
Q

We must learn to see our _____ in society and use that to help craft a more _____ world.

A
  • position

- equitable

30
Q

Power _____ are not bad in themselves. It depends on…

A
  • differentials

- what one does with power

31
Q

How do we change power relations?

A
  • through careful and attentive interactions with others
  • for the powerless: craft a version of themselves that resists the positioning of the powerful
  • for the powerful: listen openly and be receptive to the critique of the harm being caused
32
Q

4 goals of power-focused feminists:

A
  • articulate moral critiques of actions and practices that perpetuate women’s (and other oppressed groups) subordination
  • prescribe morally justifiable ways of resisting such actions and practices
  • envision morally desirable alternatives for such actions and practices
  • take women’s (and other oppressed groups) moral experience seriously, though not uncritically
33
Q

How is oppression not single-tracked?

A
  • we also have to include class, race, sexuality, nationality, age
  • these form interlocking systems of oppression
  • we must challenge these interlocking systems to achieve justice/equality
34
Q

Moral principle for status feminists:

A

moral actions are those that challenge interlocking systems of oppression

35
Q

Moral principle for AU:

A

act so as to maximize well-being/happiness

36
Q

Moral principle for RU:

A

act according to a universal rule that would maximize society’s overall well-being/happiness

37
Q

Moral principle for PU:

A

act so as to maximize satisfaction of true preferences/desires

38
Q

Moral principle for contractualism:

A

in legit contractual situations, we owe it to others to act in ways they could not reasonably object to

39
Q

Moral principle for deontology:

A

drive moral norms from categorical imperatives

40
Q

Moral principle for agent centred deontology:

A

CI1 (universalizability) gives you negative perfect duties you must follow and imperfect ones your prerogatives allow flexibility in following

41
Q

Moral principle for patient centred deontology:

A

CI2 generates rules by focusing on categorical right others have to be treated as an end not a means

42
Q

Moral principle for virtue ethics:

A

use practical wisdom (to find the golden mean) to act in accordance with virtuous character to achieve eudaimonia

43
Q

2 things virtue ethics needs:

A
  • knowledge of virtues
  • practical wisdom
  • commitment to eudaimonia
44
Q

2 streams of power focused ethics:

A
  • societal/group

- individual

45
Q

Societal/group power focused ethics:

A
  • current oppression must be challenged first in order to have an ethical world
  • future oppression must be avoided next
46
Q

Individual power focused ethics:

A
  • abuses of power must be challenged first for relationships to be healthy
  • future abuses must be avoided next
47
Q

Moral principle for status feminists:

A

moral actions are those that challenge interlocking systems of oppression and abuses of power

KIN 401 (16 decks)

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