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KIN 401 > Doping Aristotle > Flashcards

Doping Aristotle Flashcards

1
Q

Pro ban:

A
  • respect for the game
  • unfair advantage
  • harms (esp. health)
  • coercion
  • unintended consequences
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2
Q

Anti-ban:

A
  • unwarranted paternalism
  • singling out drugs is inconsistent
  • unfairness, coercion, and harm arguments lack force
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3
Q

Aristotle describes the golden mean as a state…

A

intermediate between excess and deficiency

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4
Q

Golden mean is not an _____.

A

average

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5
Q

Golden mean is relative to the ______, thus cannot be ______ _____.

A
  • individual

- generalized mathematically

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6
Q

When we act from the golden mean, we act ______.

A

virtuously

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7
Q

Acting from excess or deficiency is a _____.

A

vice

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8
Q

Aristotle’s concept of the golden mean: deficiency, balance, excess examples:

A
  • cowardice, courage, rashness
  • sloth, ambition, greed
  • humility, modesty, pride
  • apathy, composure, irritability
  • indecisiveness, self control, impulsiveness
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9
Q

Eudaimonia:

A
  • ultimate purpose in life

- activity of the soul in accord with complete virtue

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10
Q

Seek _____ through _____ actions in line with the ____ ____.

A
  • eudaimonia
  • virtuous
  • golden mean
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11
Q

Does the mean apply to everything?

A
  • some actions are just ethical in themselves so to diminish them in search for a mean is wrong (love, friendship)
  • some actions are just unethical in themselves and have no mean (murder, adultery)
  • if it is just wrong, there is no mean
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12
Q

Wrong question with regards to doping:

A
  • is it acceptable to cheat by using banned substances?

- asking whether following rules is ethical

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13
Q

Right question with regards to doping:

A
  • is the ban on doping justified?

- examining the rules

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14
Q

Purpose in life is to seek _____. It is the ____ of our activity.

A
  • eudaimonia

- telos

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15
Q

Virtues are important for 2 reasons:

A
  • they promote eudaimonia

- they stitch together our quest for purpose (telos)

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16
Q

Eudaimonia must be _____. It is not enough to ….

A
  • practiced

- know what is virtuous

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17
Q

3 positions in golden mean:

A
  • deficiency
  • excess
  • moderation
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18
Q

First attitude:

A

winning

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19
Q

Deficient, excessive, and moderate positions with winning:

A
  • deficient: indifference
  • excessive: fanatic
  • moderate: caring
20
Q

Is the ban justified with winning?

A
  • justified to guard against fanaticism
  • unnecessary at the deficient position
  • possibly unnecessary at the moderate position
21
Q

Second attitude:

A

agency

22
Q

Deficient, excessive, and moderate positions with agency:

A
  • deficient: determinism
  • excessive: radical freedom
  • moderate: constrained freedom
23
Q

Is the ban justified with agency?

A
  • supported at the excessive end to protect the freedom of human agency
  • bans are irrelevant at the deficient end
  • drugs could be used from the moderate position. Case by case assessment of whether agency is unduly compromised
24
Q

Third attitude:

A

health and harm

25
Q

Deficient, excessive, and moderate positions with health and harm:

A
  • deficient: cowardice
  • excessive: rashness
  • moderate: courage
26
Q

Is the ban justified with health and harm?

A
  • supported at the rash end
  • unnecessary at the cowardice end
  • unnecessary at the courage point, but for different reasons (athletes may still dope, but responsibly. Bans preclude athletes from showing courage)
27
Q

Fourth attitude:

A

quality of performance

28
Q

Deficient, excessive, and moderate positions with quality of performance:

A
  • deficient: mediocrity
  • excessive: perfection
  • moderate: excellence
29
Q

Is the ban justified with quality of performance?

A
  • justified because perfection is termination for sport and so bans are needed
  • unneeded at the mediocrity end
  • likely unneeded for a virtuous athlete who would weigh various strategies before choosing which assists her more in attaining excellence
30
Q

If we engage in sport as these types of individuals, then the ban becomes relevant but unnecessary:

A
  • want (but not have) to win
  • are modest (but not boastful) about human agency and merit
  • are courages (but not foolish or rash) regarding the risks in sport
  • are perpetually in search of excellence (but avoid the siren call of perfectionism)
31
Q

If we are athletes at the golden mean, any harm done by doping would be ____ and thus any good from _____ _____ is minimal, and the ___ greater.

A
  • moderate
  • paternalistic interventions
  • harm
32
Q

_____ athletes do not need a ban.

A

virtuous

33
Q

Is sport virtuous today?

A
  • no
  • winning honourably is not as important as winning
  • cheating is rewarded as long as it results in the W
  • many athletes see sport as a job not a passion
34
Q

Until athletes become _____, the ban is likely _____.

A
  • virtuous

- needed

35
Q

______ _____ rules are okay.

A

voluntary paternalistic

36
Q

Former WADA director Dick Pound says:

A
  • sport is governed by all sorts of agreed upon arbitrary rules
  • get over it
  • you can opt out of them so you are free
  • athletes do not have the right to question those rules
37
Q

In terms of freedom, consider:

A
  • athletes must give up the choice to abide by the rules

- the consent given to enter sports is valid

38
Q

WADA strives also to _____ _____ athletes, in the sense that they are not entitled to question the _____ of the doping regulations laid down by sport governing bodies. this cannot be justified _____.

A
  • educate uncritical athletes
  • foundation
  • paternalism
39
Q

WADA’s information is directed toward ____ of doping not on the ….

A
  • risks

- best way to prevent harm from doping

40
Q

Athletes are told the only way to prevent harm is to…

A

surrender their autonomy

41
Q

WADA threatens…

A

do what I tell you are else you’re gone

42
Q

_____ is not grounds for freely given consent.

A

coercion

43
Q

From a contractualist position, it seems WADA is…

A

unethical because it coerces athletes

44
Q

A focus on ____ ethics shifts the debate.

A

virtue

45
Q

Maybe WADA should be…

A
  • encouraging athletes to become virtuous
  • devote some effort at promoting eudaimonia
  • if it was successful at this, the ban could be lifted

KIN 401 (16 decks)

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