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Making the familiar strange > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

why is it more accurate to call feminism feminisms?

A

some quite different in nature who criticise other feminisms

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2
Q

why does Ritzer say contemporary feminism developed?

A

“The impetus for contemporary feminist theory began in a deceptively simple question: “And what about the women?

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3
Q

how can sociology be described?

A

malestream

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4
Q

why can sociology be seen as malestream?

A

Focus on formal structures, which may have an inherent bias – critique of the personal/private domains

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5
Q

Why can sociology be criticised for using the term ‘man’?

A

Use of the generic ‘man’ to discuss human experience, with a masculine basis

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6
Q

what are the 3 key debates in feminism?

A

Tension between activism vs scholarship
Universalism vs relativism
Essentialism vs fluidity

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7
Q

what 7 types of feminism does Tong identify?

A

liberal, radical, socialist, marxist, existential, psychoanalytic, postmodern

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8
Q

what is liberal feminists aim?

A

Women should have the same legal, political, social and economic rights as men within the established system

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9
Q

what’s an example of the liberal feminist movement?

A

the suffrage movement

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10
Q

what did Friedan find in the Feminine Mystique?

A

Her research showed there was unhappiness in the housewife role which was presented as fulfilling
The ideology was proved radically wrong by women’s experiences

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11
Q

what did Friedan argue as a result of her findings?

A

Equal opportunity requires economic reorganisation

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12
Q

How can liberal feminists be criticised?

A

doesn’t seek to overthrow the underlying structures that cause inequality

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13
Q

what do Marxist feminists argue?

A

Women’s oppression is linked to capitalism

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14
Q

How can capitalism be linked to patriarchy?

A

The sexual division of labour shapes gender relations and reinforces capitalist relations of production

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15
Q

why does capitalism dismiss women’s domestic work?

A

as it occurs within the private sphere

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16
Q

how did Engels separate the types of labour men and women did?

A

productive labour (paid a wage, public sphere) and reproductive labour (within the home to reproduce the work force, private sphere)

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17
Q

why did Engels say there was this separation in the labour patterns?

A

motivated by the economic forces of capitalism

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18
Q

how does socialist feminism differ from marxist feminism?

A

Places more emphasis on cultural, patriarchal (structural system of male domination) which also shape gender relations

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19
Q

what is patriarchy?

A

fundamental imbalance of power between men and women

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20
Q

why do socialist feminists argue that patriarchy is more important as a form of social control for women than capitalism?

A

Gender ideology existed before the emergence of capitalism and can be found in any society, just takes a certain form in the capitalist society

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21
Q

why do they believe women have become associated with reproductive labour?

A

not natural to women, rather a result of social relations

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22
Q

what did Barrett (1980) find in Women’s Oppression Today?

A

how the family has emerged from capitalist relations

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23
Q

what does Barrett mean by the family household system?

A

nuclear family organised around economics

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24
Q

what do radical feminists believe is the source of female oppression?

A

patriarchy and capitalism

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25
Q

how do radical feminists suggest solving female oppression?

A

patriarchy needs to be overthrown and society needs to be radically reordered

26
Q

what aspects of female oppression do radical feminists challenge? (3)

A

sexual objectification of women, traditional gender roles, violence against women

27
Q

how do radical feminists view men?

A

as a class

28
Q

who do men as a class oppress according to radical feminists?

A

women and non-dominant men

29
Q

how can radical feminism be criticised?

A

uses essentialist notions of men and women, which could reinforce these ideas

30
Q

what does Millett argue relations between men and women are within Sexual Politics?

A

relations of power

31
Q

what does Rich recognise as leading to women’s oppression in of Women Born?

A

Rich argues that women’s ability to be a mother helps to explain women’s oppression

32
Q

what does MacKinnon argue within Feminism Unmodified?

A

In heterosexual relationships women are powerless and used as objects of male sexual pleasure

33
Q

what is separatism?

A

Separating your group from others in society

34
Q

what do separatist radical feminists argue?

A

lesbianism or celibacy should replace heterosexual relations which are inherently patriarchal

35
Q

what do post modern feminists argue about the category of ‘women’?

A

• No single unitary ‘women’ which could be fought for

36
Q

how do postmodernists highlight their point about women?

A

women also oppress other women

37
Q

what does Butler argue within Gender Trouble? (3)

A

no basis to gender or sex
argues against identity based politics which try to come up with a united idea of ‘woman’
gender is performed

38
Q

what idea central to the 4th wave feminist movement can be linked to postmodernism?

A

Crenshaw’s intersectionality

39
Q

what can be seen as the general epistemological view of feminism?

A

knowledge can only be gained by being in a certain position

40
Q

what do feminists argue for within research methods?

A

greater reflexivity

41
Q

who came up with standpoint theory?

A

Dorothy Smith

42
Q

what is standpoint theory?

A

women and men have very different embodied experiences which means it is impossible for men to write about the female experience

43
Q

what different experiences do women have that separates them from men? (3)

A

childbirth, mothering and household labour

44
Q

what did standpoint theory deconstruct?

A

the apparentally ‘value free’ scientific model

45
Q

what did standpoint theory deconstruct?

A

the apparently ‘value free’ scientific model

46
Q

what is a criticism of standpoint theory?

A

Experiences are also shaped by ethnicity or sexual orientation as well as other factors such as age, class and disability and so there can be no single standpoint

47
Q

however, how would advocates of standpoint theory discount the criticism?

A

allowed these debates to occur, brought the ideas into the open

48
Q

who is the 1st wave of feminism associated with?

A

liberal feminists

49
Q

what did the first wave of feminism fight for? (2)

A

women’s suffrage and right to property

50
Q

when did the first wave of feminism occur?

A

mid-19th to the early 20th century

51
Q

when did second wave feminism occur?

A

began in the 1960s and continues

52
Q

what did the second wave of feminism fight for?

A

economic equality and fights all kinds of discrimination

53
Q

who is the 2nd wave of feminism associated with?

A

Marxist, socialist and radical feminists

54
Q

what notions of femininity do second wave feminists have?

A

can be seen as essentialised

55
Q

when did third wave feminism occur?

A

emerged in the late 1980s

56
Q

what did the third wave of feminism fight for?

A

embracing individualism and diversity

57
Q

who is the 3rd wave of feminism associated with?

A

post-structuralist and post-modern ideas

58
Q

who was Ruth Ellis?

A

Last woman to be hanged in Britain in 1955

59
Q

what were Ruth Ellis’ circumstances?

A

Hung after shooting her physically abusive husband who had caused her to suffer a miscarriage 10 days before

60
Q

when was Ruth Ellis’ retrial held? why is this significant?

A

2003, heard in an era where women had achieved considerable gains

61
Q

what does Ruth Ellis’ retrial show for feminists?

A

New laws do not necessarily make things better, need to decentre it in order to critically consider the wider social context within it operates

Making the familiar strange (10 decks)

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