Female Reproductive Tract Pathology Part 3 (endometrium) Flashcards
the mentrual cycle is driven through complex interactions of endocrine signals released from the _, _, and _
hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries
menstrual cycle abnormalities are caused by both _ lesions that affect secretion of estradiol and progesterone and _ disorders that affect the pituitary. or hypothalamic axis
ovarian
endocrine
the average menstrual cycle lasts _ days
28
during menses the superficial portion of _ is shed
endometrium
menses is followed by the / phase which is when there is a risk in estrogen levels that are released in response follicular stimulating hormone causing rapid growth of glands and stroma
follicular/proliferative phase
at the midpoint of the cycle _ and _ both surge causing a release of the egg from the ovary. After which the ovarian corpus luteum forms.
lutenizing hormone and follicule stimulating hormone
the corpus luteum releases a lot of _ driving the secretory ot luteal phase which prepares the endometrium to carry pregnancy
progesterone
if the egg is fertilized the corpus luteum will persists and form adequate amounts of progesterone to until the _ takes over
placenta
if fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum will degenerate and _ and _ levels will drop and menses will occur again
estrogen and progesterone
on histology what does the proliferative/follicular stage look like?
stroma
glands
cellular blue stroma with many round tubular glands
psuedostratification in glands with mitotic figures
unlike proliferative endometroim the glands of secretory endometrium are much more _
tortuous/serrated
in early secretory endometrium _ are present which mimics the apperance of piano keys
subliminal/subnuclear vacuoles
as the menstural cycle progresses in secretory endometrium the subnuclear vacules more adjacent to he lumen and evnetially give rise to _ secretions
luminal
the endometrial stroma in secretory endometrium starts out similar in apperance to strome of proliferative endometrium but by the end the stromal cells have abundant pink cytoplasm termed?
what else is present
predecidualized stroma
spiral arteries
during menses with a lack of progesterone the spiral arteries _ and the endometrial tissue becomes _
constict
ischemic
mestrual phase endometrium histology
tight blue clusters of stromal cells
sloughing off with hemorrhage
what is abnormal uterine bleeding?
bleeding that is longer, heavier or occurs outside of the time of menstruration
the most common subtype of abnormal uterine bleeding is?
dyfunctional uterine bleeding
- hormone distubances that lead to anovulation
lacks a structural basis
in early adolescents anovulatory cyles are related to the immaturitry and lack of a fiunctioning _
hypothalamic-pituitary axis
in the perimenopasal period anovulatory cycles are caused by _ imbalances culminating in menopause
hormone
anatomic lesions can cause abnormal uterine bleeding as you increase in age these lesions are more suggextive of?
a malignant lesion/process
anvoulatory cycles leading to AUB are most commonly caused by hormone imbalances during menarch and the perimenopausal period. What other disorders can lead to an anovulatory cycle and AUB?
ovarian lesions like PCOS
Obesity
endocrine disorders: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary disease)
how does obesity increase estrogen levels
these is peripheral conversion to estrogen in adipose tissue
acute endometritis is an acute infection of the _ and is a relatively common cause of _, _ , and _
post partum fever
uterine tenderness
abdominal pain
