Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRP II > contraception and sterilization > Flashcards

contraception and sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

what is the method failure rate vs the typical failure rate surrounding contraceptives

A
  1. method failure- the rate that the method is going to fail when used correctly
  2. typical failure - the rate the method is going to fail when it is used by the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what ar the two general mechanisms of contraception?

A

inhibit formation and release of the egg

create a berrier between the sperm and the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what goes into choosing a birth control

A

efficacy
safety
availability
cost
accebtility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_ contraceptives provide the most reversible contraception

A

hormonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oral contraceptives: the combination pill- what is the role of estrogen and progesterone

A

estrogen: improves cycle control by stabilizing the endometrium and decreases breakthrough bleeding

progesterone: the major player in suppressing LH (which stops ovulation and increases cervical mucuous thickening) which inhbitis sperm migration nad creates an unfavorable atropic endometrium for implantation

suppresses FH and LSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oral contraceptive: combination pill are phasic formulas meaning they can ?

A

monophasic or triphasic (mimic the natural cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

class combinatino pills is _ days of active hormones and _ days of placebo

A

21 days

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oral contraceptives: progestin only (mini pill) MOA

A

makes cervical mucus thick and impermeable

ovulation continues in 40% of users

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the mini pill is mainly used in _ women who have contraindication to _

A

breastfeeding

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

because of the mini pill ow does they must?

A

be taken at the same time every day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some benefits of oral contraceptives

A

mestrual cycle regularity

stop painful periods

decrease risk of anemia

lowe incidence of endometrial/ ovarian cancers/benign breast/ovarian diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some side effects of oral contraceptives

A

breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some SERIOUS side effects of oral contraceptives?

A

venous thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
cholestasis anf gall bladder disease
hepatic tumors
stroke/MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the transdermal patch has _ and _

A

estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the transdermal patch work

A

apply one patch weekly for 3 weeks at a time to dry skin (just not on breast)

is it cautioned in people greater than 198 pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

transdermal patch has the same side effects as oral contraceptives expect they are at a greater risk for?

A

thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

brand names for transdermal patches

A

twirla

ortho evra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the vaginal ring is a combination of _ and _

A

estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the vaginal ring is associated with greater _ becuase of its once a month use- insert into the vagina for up to 3 weeks

A

compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the vaginal ring can be removed for up to _ hours without affecting efficay

A

3

better tolerated because there is not first pass through the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the annovera vaginal ring

A

it is a newer vaginal ring that is has a prescription for 13 months

you use the same ring, place in vagina for 21 days, take out for 7, wash and put back inside

combination product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who cant use combination contraceptives?

A

women over 35 who smoke cigarettes

people with a history of thromboembolic event/DVT/PE

migranine with auras, uncontrolled hypertension, CAD

liver disease or liver tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the depot medoxyprogesterone acetate (DEPO Provera)

A

this is a progesterone only intramusclar shot that is given every 11-13 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

depo prevera shot maintains contraceptive level of progestin for about _ weeks

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the MOA of depo provera

A

thickens cervical mucus, decidualization of the endometrium and blacks LH surge/ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

depo provera efficacy is roughly equivalent to that of _ steralization and is not altered by _

A

sterilization

weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the concern behind bone density and depo provera

A

it alters bone metabolism because of decreased estrogen

this is concerning in adolescents who are still growing

if you discontinue depot provera the bone symptoms will improve

BBW that you should use for only 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

side effects of Depo provera

A

irregular bleeding (can become amenorrheic after 2 years)

  • this can improve if you have estrogen addback

menses will take up to a year to regulate after discontinuation of the medication

weight gain- progesterone makes you hungry

depression exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are some reasons why people get on depo provera

A

contraception
method with good compliance

breastfeeding

when estrogen is contraindicateed

seizures, sickle sell anemia, endometriosis, decrease risk of endometrial hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when should you not use depo provera

A

if there is suspected/known pregnancy

unevaluated vaginal bleeding (dont want to mask the effects of something else)

breast malignancy

current rhomboembolic/cerbral vascular disease

liver dysfunction

31
Q

what are the long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)

A

implants and IUDs

32
Q

what is nexplanon

A

a progesterone only radiopaque injectable implant that is used for contraception

it can be used for 3 yeats then needs to be taken out and a new one in

33
Q

MOA of nexplanon

A

progesterone only so it inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucus

34
Q

side effects of implant/nexplanon

A

irregular bleeding

headache

weight increase

vaginitis

acne

tender breasts

35
Q

indications for implant - nexplanon

A

convient and effective

can be used in breast feeding

36
Q

contraindications of the implant

A

BREAST CANCER (absolute contraindication)

current/history of thrombosis

liver tumors

undiagnosed uterine bleeding

37
Q

complications with insertion of an implant

A

infection

bruising

migration

deep insertion

persistant pain/tingling at insertion site

38
Q

what IUD is nonhormonal

what IUDs are progesterone releasing

A

nonhormonal- paragaurd

levonorgesterl releasing- mirena/sklya

39
Q

insertion of IUD is done in _

A

office

40
Q

risks of IUD

A

increased risk of infection in the first 20 days post insertion

increased risk of ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy did occur

uterine perforation at time of insetoin

risk of malposition

41
Q

if someone becomes pregnant with an IUD in they should be offered removal if the strings are visible this decreases the risk of

A

spontaneous abortion

42
Q

malposition of IUD necessitates _ for removal

A

hysteroscopy

43
Q

contranindications to IUDs

A

breast cancer- progesterone containing ones

puerperal sepsis/chorioamnionitis

recent septic abortion

cervical infection

wilsons disease (in paragaurd)

uterine malformations like septums, fobroids etc- cant get food placement

44
Q

the levonogesterl IUDS are mirena/kyleena, liletta, skyla what are the differences

A

skyla- is smalled and is used for 3 years in nulliparous women

liletta- used for 7 years

mirea- used for 7.5 years

all are highly effective

45
Q

what are the benefits of levonogesterel IUDS

A

decrease mentrual blood loss, less painful periods, protection of endometrial lining from unapposed estrogen

convient and longterm

46
Q

Copper T/Paragaurd IUD is used for 10 years, what is the MOA

A

copper will interefere with sperm transport or fertilization and prevention of implantation

47
Q

barrier methods have a _ failure rate

A

high

they are inexpensive, no medical consultation

48
Q

_ provide the only method with protection against sexually tramitted infections

A

condoms

49
Q

_ _ condoms may decrease condom breakage

A

resivoir tip

50
Q

female condoms are a vaginal liner and recommend to be left in _ hours after intercourse

A

6 hours

51
Q

what are diaphragms

A

latex covered dome shaped devices that must be used with a spermicide

must be inserted 6 hours before inercours and left in for 6 hours aftr intercourse: they must be fitted by health care professional and fit may change

52
Q

women who use diaphragms are more likely to get?

A

urinary tract infections due to urinary stasis from repssure on the urethra

+ spermicides alter the vaginal flora

53
Q

what is a cervical cap

A

a smaller version of a diapraghm that is applied to the cervic

use it with a spermicide and has high risk of TSS and displacement

leave in for 6 hours after intercourse

54
Q

what is a sponge

A

a pillow chaped sponge that contains spermicide that fits of the cervix with a hoop on the other side to make removal easier

must be left in 6 hours after intercourse, increase risk of TSS

55
Q

what is phexxi

A

a hormone free gel that raises the pH of the vagina and lowers sperm motility it is available by prescription

lasts 4 hours

contains lactic acid/citic acid/and postattium bitartrate

56
Q

side effects of phexxi

A

vaginal burning, itching , infections, bV, UTI, vaginal burning in male partner

57
Q

what is the calendar method

A

this is calculation of fertile period and avoiding sex during that time (cycle beads)

58
Q

what is the basal body temperature method

A

checking temperature daily in the monring and noting a change in temperature at the time of ovulation, avoiding sex during this time

avoid for 3 days

59
Q

what is the cervical mucus method

A

examining cervical mucus and notes changes around ovulation and avoid sec for 4 days after peak

60
Q

what is the symptothermal method

A

combinding cervical mucus and basal body temperature with awareness of any other symptom of ovulation

61
Q

what are the symptoms of ovulation

A

cramping, breast tenderness, change in position/firmness of cervix

62
Q

emergency contraception acts by preventing _ and _

A

ovulation and fertilization

63
Q

are there medical contraindications for emergency contraception

A

no

64
Q

plan B is _ only and works in women older than 17, it should be used within 72 hours of unprotected sex

A

progestin

65
Q

ella is an emergency contraception that is _ acetate and postpones _

A

ulipristil

postpones follicular rupture / delay ovulation

66
Q

what is most frequently used contraception method in the united states

A

sterilization

67
Q

steralization methods prevent?

A

the sperm and the egg from meeting ***permanent

68
Q

how do you decide if someone should consider sterilization?

A

tell them its permenant

explore other options like LARCS

what is their reasoning

procedure risks/benefits

screen for REGRET (in young patient)

possibility of failure and ectopic risk

condoms for STD prevention

69
Q

what is male sterilization

A

a vasectomy that is occlusion of the vas deferens

  • not immediately effective
70
Q

what is female steralization

A

permenant steralization that is low cost and can be done by laparoscopy, mini-laparotomy at the time of c-section

71
Q

what is laparoscopy sterilization

A

samll incusions to occlude the fallopian tube

72
Q

how can you occlude the fallopian tube

A

electrocautery- greatest risk for ecctopic pregnancy

clips (hulka - most reversible) and filshie

bands

salpingectomy- removal of whole tube (decreases ovarian cancer risk)

73
Q

what is a mini laparotomy for sterilizaition

A

infra umbilica incision postpartum to take a portion or all of the fallopian tube

74
Q

what is hysteroscopy sterilization

A

transcervical approach to tubal ligation (enssure system )

ENRP II (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions