Breast Pathology Introduction- Pathoma Flashcards
breast are embryologically derived from?
the skin as a modified sweat gland
breast tissue develops anywhere along the?
milk line
the milk line runs from ____ to _____
axilla to the vulva
what is the functional unit of the breasts
the terminal duct lobular unit
the terminal duct lobular unit is comprised of?
lobules that make the milk and duct that drain the milk to the nipple
what two types of epithelium line the lobules and ducts of the breast
luminal cell layer and myoepithelial cell layer
what is the luminal cell later of the breasts?
inner layer of cells that produce milk in the lobules
what is the myepithelial layer of cells
outer cell layer that contracts and propels the milk towards the nipple
before puberty both male and female breasts mostly consist of?
large ducts under the nipple
development of breasts after menarche (period) is driven by what 2 hormomes
estrogen and progesterone
lobules and small ducts in the breast are present in the highest density in what location?
the upper outer quadrant
during pregnancy the breast lobules undergo _____
hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
hyperplasia of the breast is driven by?
estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum early on
fetus and placenta later in the pregnancy
after menopause breast tissue undergoes ____
atrophy
what is galactorrhea
milk production outside of lactation that is not a sign on breast cancer
causes of galactorrhea
nipple stimulation, prolactinoma of the anterior pituitary, drugs
what is acute mastitis?
a bacterial infection of the breast that is usually due to staphylococcus aureus
acute mastitis is associated with?
breast feeding
describe the pathology behind acute mastitis?
when breast feeding fissures develop in the nipple and provide a route for microbes to enter
presentation of acute mastitis?
red breasts with purulent nipple discharge, can lead to the formation of an abcess
treatment of acute mastitis?
drainage of the discharge and antibiotics
what is periductal mastitis
inflammation of the subareolar ducts
periductal mastitis is seen in what population?
smokers
pathology of periductal mastitis?
smoking leads to a relative vitamin A deficiency that can no longer maintain the specialized epithelium of the lactiferous ducts, this causes squamous metaplasia and blocking of the duct and inflammation
presentation of periductal mastitis
subareolar mass and nipple retraction
what is mammary duct ectasia
inflammation and dilation of the subareolar ducts that is rare
mammary duct ectasia is seen in what population
multiparous postmenopausal women
presentation of mammary duct ectasia
periareolar mass with green-brown discharge
on biopsy what is seen in mammary duct ectasia ?
plasma cells
what is fat necrosis of the breast
necrosis related to trauma that presents as an abnormal calcification on mammogram
necrosis + saponification
biopsy of fat necrosis of the breast shows what 3 things
necrotic fat, calcifications, and giant cells
