Breast Pathology Introduction- Pathoma

Question 1

breast are embryologically derived from?

Answer 1

the skin as a modified sweat gland

Question 2

breast tissue develops anywhere along the?

Answer 2

milk line

Question 3

the milk line runs from ____ to _____

Answer 3

axilla to the vulva

Question 4

what is the functional unit of the breasts

Answer 4

the terminal duct lobular unit

Question 5

the terminal duct lobular unit is comprised of?

Answer 5

lobules that make the milk and duct that drain the milk to the nipple

Question 6

what two types of epithelium line the lobules and ducts of the breast

Answer 6

luminal cell layer and myoepithelial cell layer

Question 7

what is the luminal cell later of the breasts?

Answer 7

inner layer of cells that produce milk in the lobules

Question 8

what is the myepithelial layer of cells

Answer 8

outer cell layer that contracts and propels the milk towards the nipple

Question 9

before puberty both male and female breasts mostly consist of?

Answer 9

large ducts under the nipple

Question 10

development of breasts after menarche (period) is driven by what 2 hormomes

Answer 10

estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

lobules and small ducts in the breast are present in the highest density in what location?

Answer 11

the upper outer quadrant

Question 12

during pregnancy the breast lobules undergo _____

Answer 12

hyperplasia (increase in cell number)

Question 13

hyperplasia of the breast is driven by?

Answer 13

estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum early on

fetus and placenta later in the pregnancy

Question 14

after menopause breast tissue undergoes ____

Answer 14

atrophy

Question 15

what is galactorrhea

Answer 15

milk production outside of lactation that is not a sign on breast cancer

Question 16

causes of galactorrhea

Answer 16

nipple stimulation, prolactinoma of the anterior pituitary, drugs

Question 17

what is acute mastitis?

Answer 17

a bacterial infection of the breast that is usually due to staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

acute mastitis is associated with?

Answer 18

breast feeding

Question 19

describe the pathology behind acute mastitis?

Answer 19

when breast feeding fissures develop in the nipple and provide a route for microbes to enter

Question 20

presentation of acute mastitis?

Answer 20

red breasts with purulent nipple discharge, can lead to the formation of an abcess

Question 21

treatment of acute mastitis?

Answer 21

drainage of the discharge and antibiotics

Question 22

what is periductal mastitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the subareolar ducts

Question 23

periductal mastitis is seen in what population?

Answer 23

smokers

Question 24

pathology of periductal mastitis?

Answer 24

smoking leads to a relative vitamin A deficiency that can no longer maintain the specialized epithelium of the lactiferous ducts, this causes squamous metaplasia and blocking of the duct and inflammation

Question 25

presentation of periductal mastitis

Answer 25

subareolar mass and nipple retraction

Question 26

what is mammary duct ectasia

Answer 26

inflammation and dilation of the subareolar ducts that is rare

Question 27

mammary duct ectasia is seen in what population

Answer 27

multiparous postmenopausal women

Question 28

presentation of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 28

periareolar mass with green-brown discharge

Question 29

on biopsy what is seen in mammary duct ectasia ?

Answer 29

plasma cells

Question 30

what is fat necrosis of the breast

Answer 30

necrosis related to trauma that presents as an abnormal calcification on mammogram necrosis + saponification

Question 31

biopsy of fat necrosis of the breast shows what 3 things

Answer 31

necrotic fat, calcifications, and giant cells