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Pharmacology > Female Reproductive System Drugs > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two hormones of the female reproductive system?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

What secretes estrogen?

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

What are three types of estrogen?

A

Estradiol, estrone, and estriol

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4
Q

What are the effects of estrogen?

A
  • maturation of reproductive organs
  • development of secondary sex characteristics
  • thickening of endometrium
  • decreed LDL, increased HDL in the blood
  • lengthening of bones, increased bone density
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5
Q

What secretes progesterone?

A

The corpus luteum within the ovaries

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6
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

The corpus luteum is a mass of cells found in the ovaries that secretes progesterone to prepare the body for pregnancy.

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7
Q

What are the effects of progesterone?

A
  • breast maturation during growth and development
  • thickening and stabilization of endometrium in preparation for implantation
  • maturation of milk-producing ducts during pregnancy
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8
Q

What were the methods of birth control prior to the 1960’s?

A
  • total abstinence
  • rhythm or calendar method
  • coitus interruptus
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9
Q

What is coitus interruptus?

A

“pull-out method”

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10
Q

What factors influence birth control decisions?

A

Effectiveness, adverse effects and safety, age, frequency of intercourse, ease of use, ability to adhere to required regimen, preexisting medical conditions, cultural or religious beliefs.

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11
Q

What does sterilization mean?

A

Permanent method for birth control.

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12
Q

What is female sterilization called?

A

Tubal ligation

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13
Q

What is male sterilization called?

A

Vasectomy

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14
Q

What is the injection form of birth control called?

A

Depo-Provera

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15
Q

What is the most effective oral contraceptive?

A

A combination of low-dose estrogens and progestins.

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16
Q

How effective are combination oral contraceptives?

A

90% when taken daily

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17
Q

Which population is best for taking combination oral contraceptives?

A

Healthy women with no contraindications

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18
Q

Do combination oral contraceptives leave any long-lasting effects?

A

No

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19
Q

Are combination oral contraceptives initiated at the lowest or highest effective dose?

A

Lowest

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20
Q

What day of the menstrual cycle do combination oral contraceptives start?

A

Day 5

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21
Q

How long do combination oral contraceptives continue for?

A

21 days

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22
Q

What type of pills are given on the other 7 days of the month when taking combination oral contraceptives?

A

Placebo pills

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23
Q

What do combination oral contraceptive supress?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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24
Q

What does luteinizing hormone do?

A

Helps control the menstrual cycle and triggers the release of an egg from the ovary.

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25
Q

What does follicle-stimulating hormone do?

A

Helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.

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26
Q

What happens without the secretion of LH and FSH

A

The follicle cannot mature and therefore ovulation is prevented.

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27
Q

What are two secondary benefits of combination oral contraceptives?

A
  1. Less painful menstruation

2. Better regulated menstrual flow

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28
Q

Name a combination oral contraceptive:

A

Ortho-Novum

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29
Q

What is Ortho-Novum used for?

A
  • preventing pregnancy
  • endometriosis
  • dysfunctional uterine bleeding
30
Q

How do Ortho-Novum work?

A

It inhibits ovulation

31
Q

What are some of the side effects of Ortho-Novum?

A
  • nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain, breakthrough bleeding, edema, gallbladder disease, nausea, abdominal cramps, breast fullness, fatigue, skin rash, headache, photosensitivity, thromboembolic disorders, abnormal uterine bleeding, and + plasma glucose
32
Q

What does cigarette smoking do when you are taking Ortho-Novum?

A

It increases the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects.

33
Q

When should you not combined oral contraceptives?

A

Breast cancer, smoking, pregnant, sever liver disease, major surgery w prolonged immobilization, migraines (w aura), and impaired cardiac function.

34
Q

What are some of the drug interactions when taking Ortho-Novum?

A
  • anticonvulsants
  • antibiotics
  • Warfarin
  • Heparin
  • Insulin
  • oral antidiabetic drugs
35
Q

When are progestin-only oral contraceptives mainly taken?

A

When estrogen is contraindicated.

36
Q

What’s another name for progestin-only contraceptives?

A

Minipills

37
Q

Are Progestin-only oral contraceptives more or less effective at preventing ovulation?

A

Less effective

38
Q

How do progestin-only oral contraceptives work?

A

They cause thick, viscous cervical mucous at the entrance to the uterus which discourages sperm penetration and inhibits the implantation of fertilize egg.

39
Q

Are there placebo pills in progestin-only contraceptives?

A

No

40
Q

What is a disadvantage of progestin-only contraceptives?

A

There is a higher incidence of irregular menstrual cycles including prolonged bleeding and breakthrough spotting.

41
Q

Is there a risk for thromboembolic events or breast cancer with progestin-only contraceptives?

A

No

42
Q

What is another birth control method?

A

Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives

43
Q

What are some examples of long-acting reversible contraceptives?

A
  • transdermal patches
  • vaginal ring
  • depot injection methods
  • intrauterine devices
44
Q

Name a Transdermal delivery method of long-acting contraceptives:

A

Ortho-Evra

45
Q

What is a side effect of the patch?

A

Increased risk of venous thromboembolism

46
Q

Who should not use the patch?

A

Women with a history of blood clots

47
Q

Name a vaginal ring method of long-acting contraceptives:

A

NuvaRing

48
Q

How long does the vaginal ring provide contraceptive protection for?

A

3 weeks

49
Q

Name a depot injection method?

A

Depot-Provera

50
Q

What is another name for the Depot-Provera injection?

A

Medroxyprogesterone

51
Q

How long does the Depot-Provera injection last for?

A

3 months

52
Q

Name hormonal IUD:

A

Mirena

53
Q

Name 2 methods of emergency contraception:

A
  1. Plan B

2. Plan B One Step

54
Q

When is Plan B most effective?

A

Within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse

55
Q

When is Plan B One Step most effective?

A

Within 120 hours after unprotected intercourse

56
Q

What does emergency contraception do?

A

Prevents ovulation

57
Q

Does emergency contraception cause an abortion?

A

No

58
Q

At what age can you purchase emergency contraception?

A

Any age

59
Q

What is pharmacologic abortion?

A

The removal of an embryo by use of drugs after implantation occurs?

60
Q

What are drugs called that induce abortion?

A

Abortifacients

61
Q

Do abortifacients need to be taken under close supervision of a healthcare provider?

A

Yes

62
Q

Name 4 abortifacients:

A
  1. Mifepristone
  2. Misoprostol
  3. Methotrexate
  4. Prostaglandins
63
Q

How do prostaglandins work as abortifacients?

A

They cause contraction of smooth muscle therefore inducing labour.

64
Q

How many days of gestation does the fetus have to be to terminate with Mifepristone?

A

70 days or less

65
Q

How does Mifepristone work?

A

It is a progesterone antagonist meaning it blocks the effects of progesterone on the uterine lining (doesn’t allow it to grow and be a healthy spot for the fetus).

66
Q

What are some side effects of Mifepristone?

A
  • nausea
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • vomiting
  • fatigue
  • abdominal pain or cramping
  • vaginal bleeding and cramping for 16 days
67
Q

What are some of the worse side effects of Mifepristone?

A
  • serious and sometimes fatal infections
  • prolonged heavy bleeding
  • rare cases of septic shock
68
Q

What are the contraindications of Mifepristone?

A
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • anticoagulant therapy
  • patient w IUD in place should have it removed first
69
Q

What are drugs called that induce labour?

A

Oxytocics (named after the hormone that induces labour)

70
Q

Name a oxytocic drug

A

Pitocin

71
Q

How do oxytocic drugs work:

A

They affect neuroreceptor site to stimulate the contraction of the uterus.

72
Q

What is another indication of oxytocic drugs?

A

To prevent and treat uterine atony (loss of tone) after delivery.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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