Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood do the kidneys filter every minute?

A

About a half cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do the kidneys filter the blood?

A

To remove wastes and extra water to create urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structure allows urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

The ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the urinary tract?

A

The kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

The process by which the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tubular fluid?

A

Pre-urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

The rate at which the glomeruli filter the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a normal glomerular filtration rate?

A

120 ml water/minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do we measure the glomerular filtration rate?

A

By measuring the creatinine clearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is clearance?

A

The complete removal of a substance from the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

A drug that increases the formation of urine in the body by changing the rate of excretion of specific electrolytes such as sodium and potassium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why might you need a diuretic?

A
  • edema due to congestive heart failure
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • liver disease (cirrhosis)
  • renal disease
  • hypertension
  • conditions that cause hyperkalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is renal failure?

A

A decrease in the kidney’s ability to filter the blood to remove metabolic wastes. Can be acute or chronic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage of nephrons need to be functional to maintain normal renal function.

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the best marker for estimating kidney function?

A

Glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can acute renal failure cause the blood to retain?

A

Nitrogenous wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can cause acute renal failure?

A

Renal hypo-perfusion due to hypertension, dysrhythmias, heart failure, and shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can cause chronic renal failure?

A

Long-standing hypertension and diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is chronic renal failure reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is ascites?

A

When fluid collects in the spaces in the abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many different types of diuretics are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics act?

A

In the proximal tubule

23
Q

How do osmotic diuretics work?

A

They pull water into the renal tubules from the surrounding tissues an inhibit tubular reabsorption of water and solutes, thus producing rapid diuresis.

24
Q

Why might you need osmotic diuretics?

A
  • increase glomerular filtration rate to help prevent kidney damage during acute renal failure
  • reduce intracranial pressure or cerebral edema
  • reduce intraocular pressure
  • promote excretion of toxic substances
25
Q

How much solute is excreted with osmotic diuretics?

A

65%

26
Q

Name an osmotic diuretic:

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

27
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A

They prevent the reabsorption of sodium and chloride by blocking the sodium/potassium/chloride symporter in the loop of Henle.

28
Q

Where do loop diuretics act?

A

In the loop of Henle

29
Q

How much solute is excreted in loop diuretics?

A

20%

30
Q

Name an example of a loop diuretic:

A

Lasix (Furosemide)

31
Q

Should you take Lasix if you’re pregnant?

A

No

32
Q

Should you take Lasix if you are allergic to sulfonamide antibiotics?

A

No

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lasix?

A

Hypovolemia, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, nausea, vomiting, ototoxicity.

34
Q

Should you take Digoxin at the same time as Lasix?

A

No

35
Q

What does Lasix do to you if you’re also taking anti-hypertensives?

A

Increases hypotension even more

36
Q

What does Lasix do Insulin?

A

It diminishes it’s effect

37
Q

When should you contact your physician about weight gain while taking Lasix?

A

If the weight gain is greater than 3 lbs in one day.

38
Q

What do potassium sparring diuretics do?

A

They increase urine output but promote the retention of K+

39
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

It promotes the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of K+

40
Q

How do potassium diuretics work?

A

They are aldosterone antagonists so they prevent the reabsorption of water by preventing the reabsorption of Na+ but retain K+

41
Q

Where do potassium sparring diuretics work?

A

The collecting duct

42
Q

How much solute is excreted with potassium sparring diuretics?

A

5%

43
Q

Name an example of a potassium sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

44
Q

What are some of the side effects of spironolactone?

A
  • amenorrhea
  • irregular menses
  • postmenopausal bleeding
  • muscle weakness
  • fatigue
  • bradycardia
45
Q

What type of drugs interact with Spironolactone

A

Antihypertensive drugs and potassium supplements

46
Q

How do thiazide diuretics work?

A

They block sodium nd chloride reabsorption at the distal tubule, reducing the reabsorption of water.

47
Q

Do thiazide diuretics promote ototoxicity?

A

No

48
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics act?

A

In the distal tubule.

49
Q

How much solute is excrete with thiazide diuretics?

A

10%

50
Q

Name a thiazide diuretic:

A

Chlorothiazide

51
Q

What drug interactions are there with chlorothiazide?

A
  • antihypertensive drugs

- reduced effectiveness of coagulants, sulfonylureas, and antidiabetic drugs

52
Q

What are some symptoms of hypokalemia?

A

Fatigue, general malaise, muscle twitching, and cardiac irregularities.

53
Q

What foods are high in potassium?

A

Bananas, oranges, dates, apricots, raisins, broccoli, green beans, potatoes, meats, fish, and legumes.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions