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Pharmacology > Anti-Psychotic Medications > Flashcards

Anti-Psychotic Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychosis?

A

A characteristic of some types of mental illness in which a patient has lost contact w reality

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of psychosis?

A
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • lack of insight or judgement
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3
Q

What are delusions?

A

Firm ideas or beliefs that are false and not founded in reality

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4
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Hearing, seeing, or perceiving something that is not present

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of psychosis?

A
  • inappropriate mood and affect
  • inactivity or extreme agitation
  • can be acute or chronic
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6
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A type of psychosis in which the patient exhibits a set of diverse symptoms over time such as: abnormal thoughts, disordered communication, withdrawal from people, inability to perform ADLs

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7
Q

What are symptoms characterized as being in Schizophrenia?

A

Positive or negative

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8
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A

Behaviours that are in addition to normal behaviours.

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9
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Behaviours that take away from normal behaviours.

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10
Q

What causes Schizophrenia?

A
  • genetic

- neurotransmitter imbalance

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11
Q

What is the neurotransmitter imbalance that can occur w Schizophrenia?

A

Overactive dopaminergic pathways leads to overstimulation of dopamine type 2 receptors

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12
Q

What do antipsychotics do to overstimulation of D2 receptors?

A

They block them

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13
Q

What are the 2 classes of antipsychotics?

A
  1. first generation antipsychotic drugs

2. second generation antipsychotic drugs

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14
Q

What are first generation antipsychotic drugs?

A
  • include phenothiazines and non-phenothiazines

- effective but w many side effects

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15
Q

What are second generation antipsychotic drugs?

A
  • fewer side effects, much better adherence

- better for managing negative symptoms

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16
Q

What are the symptoms associated with extrapyramidal side effects?

A
  • acute dystonia (muscle spasms of back, neck, and tongue)
  • akathisia (restlessness)
  • tardive dyskinesia (unusual tongue and face movements associated w long-term use)
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17
Q

What are phenothiazines?

A
  • similar potency, efficacy and range of adverse effects within class
  • indicated for use as anti-emetic for tourette’s syndrome
  • effective for positive symptoms
18
Q

What are non-phenothiazines?

A
  • similar potency and efficacy to phenothiazines

- produce less sedation and anticholinergic effects than phenothiazines but more EPS

19
Q

Name a phenothiazine:

A

Chlorprom

20
Q

What are some adverse effects of Chlorprom?

A
  • EPS
  • dizziness, headaches, drowsiness
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • weight gain
  • altered cell blood counts (WBCs)
21
Q

Who does EPS mostly occur in?

A
  • females
  • older adults
  • pediatrics
22
Q

Name a nonphenothiazine:

A

Haldol

23
Q

What is Haldol used for?

A
  • treat acute and chronic psychotic disorders

- tourrette’s syndrome

24
Q

What are the adverse effects of Haldol?

A
  • EPS (much more common and pronounced than with phenothiazines)
  • less sedation and hypotension than with phenothiazines
  • headache
  • weight gain
  • altered cell blood counts
25
Q

What is another name for second generation antipsychotic drugs?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

26
Q

Have second generation antipsychotics become the drug of choice for severe mental illness?

A

Yes

27
Q

Do second generation antipsychotic drugs have a lower incidence of adverse effects like EPS than first generation drugs?

A

yes

28
Q

Name a second generation antipsychotic drug:

A

Clozapine

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of Clozapine

A
  • dizziness, headache
  • drowsiness
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • anticholinergic effects
  • flu-like symptoms
  • bone marrow suppression
30
Q

Name another second generation antipsychotic drug:

A

Olanzapine

31
Q

Does Olanzapine have more EPS than other second generation drugs?

A

Yes

32
Q

What is Risperidone used for?

A
  • acute maintenance treatment of schizophrenia
  • management of inappropriate behaviour due to dementia
  • manic phase of bipolar disorder
33
Q

Is Risperidone a 1st line agent?

A

Yes

34
Q

What is a side effect of Risperidone?

A

Parkinsonism

35
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Patients alternate between extreme feelings of sadness and mania

36
Q

What are some symptoms of mania?

A
  • agitation, intense excitement, elevated mood, talkativeness
  • impulsive behaviour, short attention span
  • no thought about consequences of actions
37
Q

What is mania associated with?

A
  • too much NE and glutamate

- too little inhibitory NTs such as GABA

38
Q

Name a drug used for bipolar disorder:

A

Carbolith

39
Q

How does Carbolith work?

A

It inhibits glutamate (excitatory NT) action

40
Q

What are the adverse effects of Carbolith?

A
  • muscle weakness
  • lethargy
  • nausea, vomiting
  • polyuria, nocturia
  • headache, dizziness
  • tremors
  • confusion
41
Q

What are some long-term effects of Carbolith?

A
  • kidney impairment
  • dysrhythmias
  • circulatory collapse
  • leukocytosis
  • hypothyroidism, goiter

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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