FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Internal Genitalia OF female reproductive system:
Paired ovaries
Oviducts/Fallopian Tube
Uterus
Vagina
→ External Genitalia:
Clitoris
Labia minora
Labia majora
Vestibule
Paired almond shape which basically function to
produce the egg cells and as well as hormones
Paired ovaries
The egg cells that are produced and released from the
ovaries are then captured by this long muscular tubes
Oviducts/Fallopian Tube
Middle part
▪ Uterus
Lower to the uterus is the vagina.
Vagina
The CERVIX is just a lower segment of the uterus. It’s
not considered as a ________ organ
separate
Equivalent to the glans penis of males; also rich in nerve endings
Clitoris
Equivalent to the scrotum of males
Labia Majora
Within the labia minora there is an opening where you
can find the urethra and the vagina, that opening is
called the vestibule
Vestibule
the release of egg cells into the fallopian tube is _____function
exocrine
Produce the female gamete (oocytes)
OVARIES
Endocrine function of the ovary
Produce female sex hormones
female sex hormones
Estrogen and progesterone
_________are enclosed in the Ovarian Follicles
Oocytes
hormones that would come from the ovary have effects on
the _________of the uterus.
endometrium
Fallopian tubes with ______ to facilitate movement of fertilized
egg into the uterine cavity
cilia
fertilization occurs in the
________
fallopian tube
Holds embryo during its complete development from fetal
stage to birth
Endometrium
▪ What is in the endometrium that makes it very
important for the developing embryo?
it has endometrial glands that provide nutrients and endometrium blood vessels that provide blood supply
three layers of the uterus
Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium
▪ The innermost layer which contains the capillaries or
blood vessels and the glands
▪ The layer that responds to the changes in the level of
hormones in the menstrual cycle
Endometrium
▪ The thickest and the middle layer
▪ From the name, it can already suggest that its
composition is basically muscle, particularly smooth
muscles
→ Myometrium
The outermost covering of the uterus
Perimetrium
During menstruation the lining of the endometrium of a woman is thin, as for the progesterone and estrogen, it is very
low
The low levels of estrogen and progesterone will be detected by
the _________ and it will respond to this by
producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
This gonadotropin releasing hormone will then be
transported towards the _______ wherein it will
produce FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) and LH
(Luteinizing Hormone); FSH is produced in _______ amount than LH
anterior pituitary; higher
FSH: adenohypophysis to ovaries
Every month one ______ is then selected to mature
follicle
All the follicles found in the ovary, the follicle with the
_______ receptor to FSH is the one selected to mature on that
particular menstrual cycle.
highest
follicle has increased in size and then
this follicle will respond to the action of FSH by producing
________
estrogen
estrogen released
from the developing follicle will then act on the _________
and wherein the estrogen will cause the cells in the
endometrium to proliferate. this is called ______ phase
endometrium; proliferative
That peak level of estrogen will be sensed by the ______ pituitary gland
anterior
peak of estrogen that is sensed by the anterior pituitary gland will shift from producing too much FSH to producing now
higher amounts of __
LH
sudden increase in the LH level in the blood, this
phenomenon is called the _____ ________.
LH Surge
What is now the consequence of having that
increased level of LH in the blood of the woman?
The luteinizing hormone will then act on the follicle causing it to
burst and release the egg cell.
The remnant of the follicle will actually become the _________
corpus
luteum
The luteinizing hormone will then act on this corpus luteum and
corpus luteum will respond to it by producing __________ will also act on the endometrium.
progesterone
e the
glands have already started secreting materials in
preparation for the implantation of the embryo is called
secretory phase
corpus luteum pointed by the red arrow will
eventually produce high amounts of progesterone, and this one
will be detected by the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
and they will respond to the increased levels of progesterone by
decreasing the synthesis of _______________________ in
the hypothalamus and FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary.
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
when the LH release decreases the corpus luteum will eventually become corpus albicans the time. Why?
Corpus luteum is reliant to the LH hormone
as the corpus luteum become the corpus albican, menstruation will start. why?
the corpus luteum releases the progesterone, if it will become corpus albican, there will be no release of progesteron, the endometrium will no longer thicken,
● If there is fertilization and there would be loss of LH and
degeneration of the corpus luteum, what will now maintain
the endometrium in the secretory phase so that the
fertilized ovum can still implant into it?
developing embryo will actually produce a
substitute for luteinizing hormone called human chorionic
gonadotropin hCG
hCG will maintain the __________ phase by tricking the corpus luteum while the embryo will have an area to implant itself
secretory
OVARIES bodies lined by
germinal epithelium/
simple cuboidal epithelium
OVARIES found on both sides of the ________ genitalia of women
internal
below the germinal epithelium is the
tunica albuginea
tunica albuginea is composed of _______ _________ connective tissue
dense irregular
Two regions of the ovaries
outer cortex and the inner medulla
area in the ovary: it has
the presence of the ovarian follicles
outer cortex
area in the ovary: the medulla
contains loose connective tissue and numerous blood
vessels.
medulla
Ovarian Follicles Composed of:
→ (1) oocyte or egg cells
→ (2) follicular cells
→ (3) stromal cells
