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HUMAN HISTO LAB > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

EXOCRINE & ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Both are derived from ____________, their cells will proliferate
and later become Exocrine or Endocrine

A

lining epithelia

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2
Q

– if the cells will mature to become a gland that is
still continuous with the Epithelium

A

EXOCRINE

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3
Q

how EXOCRINE release their secretions,
answer is through their __

A

ducts

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4
Q

they totally detach from their epithelium

A

ENDOCRINE

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5
Q

They are interspersed with blood vessels

A

ENDOCRINE

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6
Q

They release their secretion directly to the

A

BLOODSTREAM

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7
Q

And anything released to the blood is called a

A

HORMONE

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8
Q

with receptors to the hormone, thus
responds to the hormone

A

TARGET CELL

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9
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES

A

proteins
steroids
amines

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10
Q

o Generally hydrophilic
o Do not require transport proteins in the blood

A

PROTEINS OR PEPTIDES (3-49 amino acids)

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11
Q

Hormones derived from cholesterol

A

STEROIDS

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12
Q

STEROIDS is_____ thus require transport proteins

A

Hydrophobic

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13
Q

hormones derived from a SINGLE amino acid
TYROSINE

A

AMINES

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14
Q

glands and cells of protein or peptide hormones

A

o Beta cells of pancreas
o Hypophysis
o Thyroid gland
o Parathyroid gland

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15
Q

glands and cells of steroid hormones

A

TESTES will CORner the OVARY:
o Ovary
o Testes
o Adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Hormone from Testes –

A

Testosterone

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17
Q

Hormone from Ovary –

A

Estrogen and
Progesterone

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18
Q

Adrenal CORtex –

A

Cortisol,
Aldosterone,
Androgen

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19
Q

glands that produce amine hormones

A

Thyroid Gland
Adrenal Medulla

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20
Q

Small ovoid organ

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

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21
Q

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) Located in the base of the brain, within the cavity of the
sphenoid bone called

A

SELLA TURCICA

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22
Q

where the right and left optic nerves
merge

A

OPTIC CHIASM

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23
Q

– the gland found above the hypophysis

A

Hypothalamus

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24
Q

structure that
links pituitary gland to hypothalamus
“hug”

A

Infundibulum (Pituitary Stalk)

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25
Q

Hypothalamus Found superior because it controls the _______

A

pituitary

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26
Q

Why are there 2 pituitary glands (anterior and posterior)?

A

Because they originate from different structures

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27
Q

Early in gestation, a finger of ectoderm grows upward from
the roof of the mouth

A

Rathke’s pouch

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28
Q

At the same time that the Rathke’s pouch is developing,
another finer of ectodermal tissue (neurohypophysis) evaginates from the
________

A

developing brain

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29
Q

Neurons of the dorsal medial, ventral vedial and infundibular nuclei are ______because they
don’t have any direct control as they originate
from the mouth

A

short

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30
Q

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei from the _______,
reaches the posterior pituitary

A

hypothalamus

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31
Q

Hypothalamus has two important secretory nuclei
(Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Tract)

A

Supraoptic Nuclei
Paraventricular Nuclei

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32
Q

above optic chiasm
▪ Produces ADH

A

Supraoptic Nuclei

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33
Q

– found beside 3rd cerebral
ventricle
▪ Produces Oxytocin

A

Paraventricular Nuclei –

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34
Q

ADH and OXYTOCIN are transported through the axons and
are only _____ in the neurohypophysis

A

STORED

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35
Q

If iask what produces oxytocin / ADH, the answer
is ____________!

A

Hypothalamus

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36
Q

HORMONES OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH)
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing Hormones (LSH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
37
Q

cells that release gorwth hormone

A

somatotrophs

38
Q

cells that release Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating hormone

A

gonadotrophs

39
Q

cells that inhibit the prolactin (unless the prolactin inhibiting hormone was not produced)

A

lactotrophs or mammotrophs

40
Q

cells that release the thyroid hormone

A

thyrotrophs

41
Q

cells that release the adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

corticotrophs

42
Q

Based on the table, siya lang may inhibiting hormone.
Why?

A

If walang anak ang female, milk production should
be inhibited

43
Q

2 stimuli to start producing prolactin

A

o Hearing the baby cry
o Baby suckling

44
Q

o Irregular cords / clusters of glandular cells
o Classified according to their affinity or lack of
affinity for dyes

A

Pars distalis (anterior lobe)

45
Q

Pars distalis (anterior lobe) major portion about ___%

A

75

46
Q

lack of affinity or affinity for dyes ang pars distalis or adenohypophysis or anterior pituitary glands because of?

A

chromophilic and chromophobic cells

47
Q

believed to be partially
degranulated acidophils or basophils or stem cells

A

Chromophobic:

48
Q

Most abundant chromophilic cells

A

acidophils are either GH or PRL

49
Q

a collar of tissue that usually surrounds the
infundibular stalk

A

Pars tuberalis

50
Q

Pars tuberalis contains cords of the epithelial cells and is filled
with ___________

A

hypophyseal portal vessels

51
Q

Pars tuberalis contain what cells

A

Contains gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs

52
Q

Pars intermedia - a ______ band that separates the
adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis (with fluid filled
____)

A

narrow; cyst

53
Q

remainders of the Rathke’s pouch

A

Cysts

54
Q

Pars intermedia _____ developed in humans

A

Poorly

55
Q

Pars intermedia Contains large pale cells that often surround
follicles filled with ill-defined “_______”

A

colloid

56
Q

cells of anterior pituitary lobe and their affinity for dyes

A

Somatotrophs (acidophilic)
Mammotrophs (acidophilic)
Thyrotrophs
(Basophilic)
Gonadotrophs
(Basophilic)
Corticotrophs
(Basophilic)

57
Q

what’s the most abundant cell in the Pars
Distalis =

A

Somatotrophs

58
Q

Posterior lobe – aka

A

Pars Nervosa or Neurophyophysis

59
Q

Axons with terminal swellings / dilated parts
called neurosecretory (Herring) bodies where
hormones are released upon neural stimulation

A

Neural tissue

60
Q

Neural tissue supported by _________ (resemble astrocytes)

A

pituicytes

61
Q

for dehydration, low blood
pressure

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

62
Q

assist in child delivery by stimulating uterine
contraction

A

Oxytocin

63
Q

THYROID GLAND Located in the ______ region anterior to the _____

A

cervical; larynx

64
Q

THYROID GLAND Consists of 2 lateral lobes connected by a narrow _________

A

isthmus

65
Q

THYROID GLAND Covered by a ______ capsule

A

fibrous

66
Q

THYROID GLAND Composed of __________ microscopic thyroid follicles

A

20-30 million

67
Q

cells of thyroid

A

follicular cells/thyrocytes

68
Q

FOLLICULAR CELLS / THYROCYTES is __________
epithelium that lines the follicles

A

simple cuboidal

69
Q

FOLLICULAR CELLS / THYROCYTES Produces

A

T3 & T4

70
Q

gelatinous substance contained in the lumen of
follicular cells

A

COLLOID

71
Q

It is in the colloid where _______ is produced (rich in
tyrosine molecules) and T3 and T4 are _______

A

thyroglobulin; stored

72
Q

cells that are found outside the
follicle

A

PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS

73
Q

PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS Synthesize ______
o Also known as C cells

A

Calcitonin

74
Q

Hypothyroidism (___ cells)

A

flat

75
Q

Hyperthyroidism (_______)

A

columnar

76
Q

Increase the metabolic rate of the body

A

T3 & T4

77
Q

T3 & T4 Promote ___maturation

A

brain

78
Q

T3 & T4 Enhance _______ growth

A

somatic

79
Q

Patients with Hyperthyroidism cannot
tolerate heat because they have high
______ production in their bodies

A

heat

80
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism – detected
by __________

A

newborn screening

81
Q

Lowers concentration of calcium in the blood

A

CALCITONIN

82
Q

CALCITONIN
o Calcium in diet is not _________
o Calcium in urine is not _________ and instead
excreted
o Calcium is deposited to the ____ instead of being
broken down to transfer calcium there instead of
the blood

A

absorbed; reabsorbed; bone

83
Q

4 small ovoid bodies

A

Parathyroid Gland

84
Q

Parathyroid Gland located at the ________ surface of the
thyroid glands

A

posterior

85
Q

2 types of epithelial cells of parathyroid gland

A

Chief cells
Oxyphil cells

86
Q

produces parathyroid hormone

A

Chief cells

87
Q

increased in number in adults; Minimal hormone synthesis

A

Oxyphil cells

88
Q

affinity for dyes of chief cells and oxyphil cells

A

Chief cells: basophilic
Oxyphil cells: acidophilic

89
Q

PARATHYROID HORMONE
o Performs opposite roles from ________
o Increases blood ________

A

calcitonin; calcium

HUMAN HISTO LAB (10 decks)

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