BONE AND MUSCLE Flashcards
Grossly, bones are classified as ?
compact and spongy bone.
w/ medullary cavity (spaces
Spongy Bone
found at the external surface; doesn’t have cavity to remain to be hard and compact
compact bone
Contains the osteons
COMPACT (CORTICAL) BONE
Periosteum is made up of
dense irregular CT
functional unit of the bone
Osteons or Haversian System
▪ Channel found at the center of the osteon
▪ Forms the central axis of the osteon
CENTRAL CANAL
CENTRAL CANAL Contains
blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
concentric layers of mineralized bone extracellular
matrix called
concentric lamellae
Small spaces between lamellae that contains the mature
bone cells called osteocytes
LACUNA / LACUNAE
- Minute canals radiating from the lacuna
- Provides avenues for exchange of metabolites between
the cells and the nearest perivascular space
CANALICULI
Boundary of an osteon
CEMENT LINE
Scattered around the intact osteons are irregularly
shaped parallel lamellae called
INSTERSTITIAL LAMELLAE
Remains of old osteons destroyed by the osteoclast.
INSTERSTITIAL LAMELLAE
Not present on the spongy bone
Osteon (Haversian system)
making central canals connected to each other
Volkmann’s/ Perforating canals
forms the inner layer of all bones.
Spongy bone
spongey/cancellous bone is covered by
endosteum
endosteum is what type of epthelium
simple squamous epithelium
osteoblast trapped in the matrix that they secrete
osteocyte
cells that synthesize bone
osteoblast
bone cell that breaks down done tissue
osteoclast
osteoblasts are what shape of epithelium
cuboidal/columnar
Osteoblasts keep on depositing bone matrix until the bone matrix surround it to become?
osteocyte
osteoblast secrete
osteoid
an unmineralized collagen-proteoglycan matrix that can bind calcium
osteoid
Large, Motile, Multinucleated cells
OSTEOCLAST
OSTEOCLAST Lies on the etched depression or crypts called
Howship Lacunae
Under the control of the somatic nervous system
VOLUNTARY
Skeletal
VOLUNTARY
Contract in response to the control of autonomic
nervous system
INVOLUNTARY
Cardiac and smooth muscle
INVOLUNTARY
Presence of transverse or cross- striations known as
dark and light bands
STRIATED
No cross-striations
NON- STRIATED
Smooth muscle STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
NON- STRIATED
Skeletal and cardiac STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
STRIATED
- Forms the main bulk of the body musculature
*
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Generally attached to the bone except for the intrinsic
muscles of the ______, upper _________ and_______ muscle
of the face.
tongue
esophagus
risorius
Muscles are cylindrical in shape and non-branching
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SKELETAL MUSCLE is ____________ located nuclei
Multiple peripherally
SKELETAL muscle fibers are almost of the _________
same size
covers muscle fiber
endomysium
fascicles is covered by
perimysium
whole muscle is covered by
epimysium
myoblast fuse to form a _______ muscle fiber
skeletal
unfuse myoblast
satellite cell
if muscle fiber will die this cell will become skeletal muscle
satellite cell
thickest layer of heart
myocardium
Muscles are branching and anastomosing
CARDIAC MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE __________located Nucleus
centrally
how smoooth muscle form
from myoblast immediately
how skeletal muscle fiber form
myoblast
myotubes are fused
how cardiac muscles forms
myoblast
myotubes no fusion
Transverse lines that represent the interface between adjacent
muscle fibers
INTERCALATED DISC
Intercalated disc functions
- Maintain firm cohesion of successive cellular units of
the myocardium - Transmission of signals among adjacent cardiac
muscle cells
for rapid communication between cells in cardiac muscle
Gap Junction
in intercalated disk making its functions for cohesion, for greater strength
desmosome
SMOOTH MUSCLE shape
Fusiform or spindle-shaped
SMOOTH MUSCLE: nucleus
central Elongated nucleus
SMOOTH MUSCLE On cross section, the _______ ___ of each muscle fiber is
adjacent to the broad parts of neighboring cells
narrow ends
LOCATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLES
Walls of the Digestive tract
Walls of the respiratory tract
Walls of blood vessels
Walls of ducts of glands
Areolar of mammary glands
Arrector pili muscle
Uterus
Subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum
