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Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

components of the female reproductive tract (6)

A
  • ovary
  • oviduct
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • vulva
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2
Q

ovary functions (2)

A
  • gametogenesis of oocytes
  • steroidogenesis
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3
Q

what hormones/proteins produced in the ovaries (2)

A
  • hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
  • proteins: relaxin, inhibin
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4
Q

oviduct functions (2)

A
  • gamete transport
  • site of fertilization
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5
Q

uterus functions (5)

A
  • storage
  • gestation: retains and nourishes the embryo and fetus
  • produces prostaglandin for luteolysis of CL
  • expels the fetus by promoting contractions
  • decides whether to continue cycle (pregnancy) or start new cycle
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6
Q

cervix function (4)

A
  • prevents microbial contamination of uterus
  • physical protection
  • reservoir for semen and transport of spermatozoa
  • site of semen deposition normal mating
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7
Q

vagina function (2)

A
  • organ of copulation
  • site of semen deposition during natural mating
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8
Q

ovary components (4)

A
  • medulla
  • cortex
  • superficial epithelium
  • tunica albuginea
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9
Q

ovary medulla (3)

A
  • inner core of ovary
  • supportive functions
  • contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue
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10
Q

ovary cortex

A
  • area where follicle and corpus luteum develops
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11
Q

ovary superficial epithelium

A
  • rise to follicular cells
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12
Q

ovary tunica albuginea

A
  • connective tissue membrane that keeps ovary together
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13
Q

corpus luteum stages of development (3)

A
  • corpora hemorrhagica
  • corpora lutea
  • corpora albicantia
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14
Q

follicle developmental stages (4)

A
  • primary follicle
  • secondary follicle
  • growing follicle
  • mature/graafian follicle
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15
Q

size of follicle vs oocyte during development

A
  • oocyte remains the same size, but the follicle frows in size
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16
Q

primary follicle (2)

A
  • a set number of developing oocytes that we are born with
  • one layer of follicular cells
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17
Q

how many primary follicles are animals generally born with

A

40,000 - 100,000

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18
Q

secondary follicle

A
  • 2 layers of follicular cells
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19
Q

growing follicle

A
  • antrum develops
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20
Q

antrum

A
  • fluid filled area that contains hormones, growth factors, etc
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21
Q

mature/graafian follicle components (5)

A
  • antrum
  • theca interna
  • theca externa
  • basement membrane
  • granulosa cells
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22
Q

theca interna (2)

A
  • capillary network
  • LH receptors and androstenedione
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23
Q

theca externa (2)

A
  • protective function
  • fibrous collagen and muscle; myoid cells
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24
Q

follicle basement membrane (2)

A
  • separates theca interna from granulosa
  • prevents entry of vascular system into granulosa layer
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25
granulosa cells (2)
- surrounds antrum - consists of cumulus oophorus and corona radiata which surround and make direct contact with the oocyte and stay with egg during ovulation
26
what molecule do all steroids originate from
- cholesterol molecule
27
ovulation (3)
- stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle ruptures expelling follicular fluid - some granulosa cells and the ovum/oocyte surrounded by cumulus cells/corona radiata are expelled
28
corpus luteum (2) - formation
- formed by proliferation of mixture of theca and granulosa cells (luteal cells) - increases in size, reaches maximum, and then regresses if not pregnant
29
corpus luteum - secretion
- secretes progesterone
30
corpus luteum (2) - pattern
- gland appears and disappears every month if not pregnant - gland will persist in ovaries throughout gestation if pregnant
31
corpus luteum (2) - early stage
- corpus hemorrhagicum - ruptured follicle with a blood- filled cavity
32
corpus luteum (3) - late stage
- corpus albicans - regressed corpus luteum - loses yellow color and eventually appears as a small white scar on the surface of ovary
33
oviduct components (4)
- infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - utero-tubal function
34
infundibulum (2)
- fimbriated end - receive ova following ovulation/captures egg
35
ampulla (2)
- funnel like structure - where fertilization occurs (sperm meets egg)
36
isthmus
- long tube embedded in mesosalpinx
37
utero-tubal junction (3)
- physiological junction - constricted during estrous until ovulation - reservoir of sperm
38
ovary variation
- shape of ovaries varies between species
39
oviduct variation
- oviduct varies in twists, length and in connection to ovaries
40
microscopic anatomy of the oviduct (3)
- serosa - muscularis - mucosa lining
41
oviduct serosa (2)
- continuation of mesosalpinx - peritoneum support
42
oviduct muscularis (2)
- inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles - peristaltic and antiperistalsis motion
43
oviduct mucosa lining (2)
- ciliated microvilli - non ciliated and secretory cells
44
female reproductive supportive structures (4)
- nerves - lymphatics - blood supply - broad ligaments
45
supportive structures: broad ligaments (3)
- mesoovarian - mesosalpinx - mesometrium
46
mesoovarian (2)
- ovary surface - utero-ovarian artery
47
mesosalpinx (3)
- oviduct - middle uterine artery and iliac artery - important in pregnancy diagnosis
48
mesometrium (2)
- uterus - post uterine artery
49
supportive structures - vessels (1) - nerves (2)
- hypogastric artery - autonomic nerves - sensory nerves
50
supportiv structure: - plexiform structure
- closely associated ovarian artery and uterine vein
51
plexiform structure function
- to pass prostaglandin from uterine vein to ovarian artery through counter current exchange to kill CL
52
why is the plexiform structure necessary (2)
- prostaglandin cannot go around whole body as it will be metabolized around the heart and lungs - plexiform structure allows prostaglandin to go directly to ovaries first
53
uterus components (3)
- horn - body - cervix
54
placentome (2)
- caruncle: maternal component - cotyledon: fetal component
55
what are the general consistencies found in the uterus of mammals (2)
- most have 2 horns - variation in number of cervices and vaginal canals
56
uterus layers (3)
- perimetrium - myometrium - endometrium
57
uterus perimetrium (2)
- membrane that encapsulates uterus - broad ligament
58
uterus myometrium (2)
- muscles - muscles will grow as gestation goes on
59
uterus endometrium (4)
- blood vessels - gland that produces prostaglandin and molecules important to early embryo development - superficial epithelium - lumen where early embryo develops
60
uterine gland location (2)
- varies between species - can be open into the surface, between caruncles, or anywhere
61
uterine glands: - progesterone (2)
- glandular growth - epithelial proliferation
62
uterine glands: - menstruation
- sloughing of epithelium and glands
63
cervix vs uterus
- cervix can be seen part of the uterus or a separate entity from the uterus
64
cervix componenets
- connective tissue - muscle layer - secretory cells
65
cervix connective tissue and muscle (3)
- thick, non-elastic and hard - prominent ridges - inner circular and outer longitudinal
66
cervix secretory cells (3)
- secrete thick mucous - estrus: lubricates vaginal canal - pregnancy: thick plug of mucous to close cervix for protection of fetus from vaginal canal/external environment
67
vagina (3)
- cervix to urethral orifice - hymen prominent in only certain species - non-secretory except in cows

APBI 312 (8 decks)

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