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APBI 312 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

components of the female reproductive tract (6)

A
  • ovary
  • oviduct
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • vulva
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2
Q

ovary functions (2)

A
  • gametogenesis of oocytes
  • steroidogenesis
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3
Q

what hormones/proteins produced in the ovaries (2)

A
  • hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
  • proteins: relaxin, inhibin
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4
Q

oviduct functions (2)

A
  • gamete transport
  • site of fertilization
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5
Q

uterus functions (5)

A
  • storage
  • gestation: retains and nourishes the embryo and fetus
  • produces prostaglandin for luteolysis of CL
  • expels the fetus by promoting contractions
  • decides whether to continue cycle (pregnancy) or start new cycle
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6
Q

cervix function (4)

A
  • prevents microbial contamination of uterus
  • physical protection
  • reservoir for semen and transport of spermatozoa
  • site of semen deposition normal mating
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7
Q

vagina function (2)

A
  • organ of copulation
  • site of semen deposition during natural mating
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8
Q

ovary components (4)

A
  • medulla
  • cortex
  • superficial epithelium
  • tunica albuginea
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9
Q

ovary medulla (3)

A
  • inner core of ovary
  • supportive functions
  • contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue
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10
Q

ovary cortex

A
  • area where follicle and corpus luteum develops
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11
Q

ovary superficial epithelium

A
  • rise to follicular cells
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12
Q

ovary tunica albuginea

A
  • connective tissue membrane that keeps ovary together
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13
Q

corpus luteum stages of development (3)

A
  • corpora hemorrhagica
  • corpora lutea
  • corpora albicantia
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14
Q

follicle developmental stages (4)

A
  • primary follicle
  • secondary follicle
  • growing follicle
  • mature/graafian follicle
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15
Q

size of follicle vs oocyte during development

A
  • oocyte remains the same size, but the follicle frows in size
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16
Q

primary follicle (2)

A
  • a set number of developing oocytes that we are born with
  • one layer of follicular cells
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17
Q

how many primary follicles are animals generally born with

A

40,000 - 100,000

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18
Q

secondary follicle

A
  • 2 layers of follicular cells
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19
Q

growing follicle

A
  • antrum develops
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20
Q

antrum

A
  • fluid filled area that contains hormones, growth factors, etc
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21
Q

mature/graafian follicle components (5)

A
  • antrum
  • theca interna
  • theca externa
  • basement membrane
  • granulosa cells
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22
Q

theca interna (2)

A
  • capillary network
  • LH receptors and androstenedione
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23
Q

theca externa (2)

A
  • protective function
  • fibrous collagen and muscle; myoid cells
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24
Q

follicle basement membrane (2)

A
  • separates theca interna from granulosa
  • prevents entry of vascular system into granulosa layer
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25
Q

granulosa cells (2)

A
  • surrounds antrum
  • consists of cumulus oophorus and corona radiata which surround and make direct contact with the oocyte and stay with egg during ovulation
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26
Q

what molecule do all steroids originate from

A
  • cholesterol molecule
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27
Q

ovulation (3)

A
  • stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • follicle ruptures expelling follicular fluid
  • some granulosa cells and the ovum/oocyte surrounded by cumulus cells/corona radiata are expelled
28
Q

corpus luteum (2)
- formation

A
  • formed by proliferation of mixture of theca and granulosa cells (luteal cells)
  • increases in size, reaches maximum, and then regresses if not pregnant
29
Q

corpus luteum
- secretion

A
  • secretes progesterone
30
Q

corpus luteum (2)
- pattern

A
  • gland appears and disappears every month if not pregnant
  • gland will persist in ovaries throughout gestation if pregnant
31
Q

corpus luteum (2)
- early stage

A
  • corpus hemorrhagicum
  • ruptured follicle with a blood- filled cavity
32
Q

corpus luteum (3)
- late stage

A
  • corpus albicans
  • regressed corpus luteum
  • loses yellow color and eventually appears as a small white scar on the surface of ovary
33
Q

oviduct components (4)

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
  • utero-tubal function
34
Q

infundibulum (2)

A
  • fimbriated end
  • receive ova following ovulation/captures egg
35
Q

ampulla (2)

A
  • funnel like structure
  • where fertilization occurs (sperm meets egg)
36
Q

isthmus

A
  • long tube embedded in mesosalpinx
37
Q

utero-tubal junction (3)

A
  • physiological junction
  • constricted during estrous until ovulation
  • reservoir of sperm
38
Q

ovary variation

A
  • shape of ovaries varies between species
39
Q

oviduct variation

A
  • oviduct varies in twists, length and in connection to ovaries
40
Q

microscopic anatomy of the oviduct (3)

A
  • serosa
  • muscularis
  • mucosa lining
41
Q

oviduct serosa (2)

A
  • continuation of mesosalpinx
  • peritoneum support
42
Q

oviduct muscularis (2)

A
  • inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles
  • peristaltic and antiperistalsis motion
43
Q

oviduct mucosa lining (2)

A
  • ciliated microvilli
  • non ciliated and secretory cells
44
Q

female reproductive supportive structures (4)

A
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
  • blood supply
  • broad ligaments
45
Q

supportive structures: broad ligaments (3)

A
  • mesoovarian
  • mesosalpinx
  • mesometrium
46
Q

mesoovarian (2)

A
  • ovary surface
  • utero-ovarian artery
47
Q

mesosalpinx (3)

A
  • oviduct
  • middle uterine artery and iliac artery
  • important in pregnancy diagnosis
48
Q

mesometrium (2)

A
  • uterus
  • post uterine artery
49
Q

supportive structures
- vessels (1)
- nerves (2)

A
  • hypogastric artery
  • autonomic nerves
  • sensory nerves
50
Q

supportiv structure:
- plexiform structure

A
  • closely associated ovarian artery and uterine vein
51
Q

plexiform structure function

A
  • to pass prostaglandin from uterine vein to ovarian artery through counter current exchange to kill CL
52
Q

why is the plexiform structure necessary (2)

A
  • prostaglandin cannot go around whole body as it will be metabolized around the heart and lungs
  • plexiform structure allows prostaglandin to go directly to ovaries first
53
Q

uterus components (3)

A
  • horn
  • body
  • cervix
54
Q

placentome (2)

A
  • caruncle: maternal component
  • cotyledon: fetal component
55
Q

what are the general consistencies found in the uterus of mammals (2)

A
  • most have 2 horns
  • variation in number of cervices and vaginal canals
56
Q

uterus layers (3)

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
57
Q

uterus perimetrium (2)

A
  • membrane that encapsulates uterus
  • broad ligament
58
Q

uterus myometrium (2)

A
  • muscles
  • muscles will grow as gestation goes on
59
Q

uterus endometrium (4)

A
  • blood vessels
  • gland that produces prostaglandin and molecules important to early embryo development
  • superficial epithelium
  • lumen where early embryo develops
60
Q

uterine gland location (2)

A
  • varies between species
  • can be open into the surface, between caruncles, or anywhere
61
Q

uterine glands:
- progesterone (2)

A
  • glandular growth
  • epithelial proliferation
62
Q

uterine glands:
- menstruation

A
  • sloughing of epithelium and glands
63
Q

cervix vs uterus

A
  • cervix can be seen part of the uterus or a separate entity from the uterus
64
Q

cervix componenets

A
  • connective tissue
  • muscle layer
  • secretory cells
65
Q

cervix connective tissue and muscle (3)

A
  • thick, non-elastic and hard
  • prominent ridges
  • inner circular and outer longitudinal
66
Q

cervix secretory cells (3)

A
  • secrete thick mucous
  • estrus: lubricates vaginal canal
  • pregnancy: thick plug of mucous to close cervix for protection of fetus from vaginal canal/external environment
67
Q

vagina (3)

A
  • cervix to urethral orifice
  • hymen prominent in only certain species
  • non-secretory except in cows

APBI 312 (8 decks)

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