Female pelvis and reproductive organs

Question 1

What is the mons pubis

Answer 1

A rounded pad of fat lying anterior to the symphysis pubis.

Question 2

What are the labia majora

Answer 2

2 folds of fat and areolar tissue which are covered in skin and pubic hair on the outer surface

Question 3

What are the labia minora

Answer 3

2 small subcutaneous folds, devoid of fat that lie between the labia majora

Question 4

What is the prepuce

Answer 4

A retractable fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoris

Question 5

What is the clitoris

Answer 5

Sexual organ corresponding to the male penis. Functions solely to induce orgasm during sexual intercourse

Question 6

What does the upper layer of the labium minus cover

Answer 6

Passes above the clitoris to form , along with the prepuce, the fold that overhangs the clitoris

Question 7

What does the lower layer of the labium minus cover

Answer 7

Passes below the clitoris to form the frenulum of the clitoris

Question 8

Describe the vestibule

Answer 8

The area enclosed by labia minora which the openings of the urethra and vagina are situated.

Question 9

What lies on either side of the urethral orifice

Answer 9

Openings of the Skene’s ducts

Question 10

What is the hymen

Answer 10

A thin membrane in the vestibule, that tears during sexual intercourse.

Question 11

After the hymen tears, what are the remaining tags called

Answer 11

The carunculae myrtiformes

Question 12

What are Bartholin’s glands

Answer 12

2 small glands in the vestibule that open on either side of the vaginal orifice and lie in the posterior part of the labia majora. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening

Question 13

How is blood supplied to the vulva

Answer 13

Internal and externa pudendal arteries

Question 14

How is blood drained from the vulva

Answer 14

Through the internal and external pudendal veins

Question 15

Where does lymphatic drainage occur

Answer 15

via the inguinal glands

Question 16

What is the nerve supply in the vulva derived from

Answer 16

Branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 17

What is the perineum bound by anteriorly

Answer 17

The pubic arch

Question 18

What is the perineum bound by posteriorly

Answer 18

The coccyx

Question 19

What is the perineum bound by laterally

Answer 19

The ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 20

The perineum can be divided into 2 triangles. What does the anterior triangle contain

Answer 20

The external urogenital organs

Question 21

What is the anterior triangle called

Answer 21

Urogenital triangle

Question 22

What is the name of the posterior triangle

Answer 22

Anal triangle

Question 23

What does the posterior triangle contain

Answer 23

The termination of the anal canal

Question 24

What is the urogenital triangle bound by

Answer 24

Anteriorly and laterally bound by the pubic symphysis and the ischiopubic rami.

Question 25

What are the 2 compartments of the urogenital triangle

Answer 25

The superficial and deep perineal spaces, separated by the perineal membrane

Question 26

Describe the superficial transverse perineal muscle

Answer 26

A narrow slip of muscle that arises from the inner and forepart of the ischial tuberosity and is inserted into the central tendinous part of the perineal body.

Question 27

Describe the bulbospongiosus muscle

Answer 27

Runs on either side of the vaginal orifice, covering the lateral aspects of the vestibular bulb anteriorly and the Bartholin's gland posteriorly. This muscle diminished the orifice of the vagina and contributes to the erection of the clitoris

Question 28

What is the bulbospongiosus muscle attatched to posteriorly

Answer 28

The superficial transverse perineal muscle and the EAS in the central fibromuscular perineal body.

Question 29

What is the bulbospongiosus muscle attatched to anteriorly

Answer 29

Its fibres pass forward on either side of the vagina and insert into the corpora cavernosa clitoridis, to compress the deep dorsal vein.

Question 30

Where is the ischiocavernosus muscle situated

Answer 30

On the side of the lateral boundary of the perineum.

Question 31

What does the anal triangle include

Answer 31

The anal canal, the anal sphincters and the ischioanal fossae

Question 32

What is the anal canal attached to posteriorly

Answer 32

Coccyx

Question 33

How is the anal canal posteriorly attached to the coccyx

Answer 33

By the anococcygeal ligaments

Question 34

What surrounds the anus laterally and posteriorly

Answer 34

Loose adipose tissue within the ischioanal fossae

Question 35

What do the pudendal nerves pass over

Answer 35

The ischial spines

Question 36

What surrounds the anal canal

Answer 36

Inner epithelial lining, a vascular subepithelium, the internal anal sphincter (IAS), the EAS and fibromuscular supporting tissue.

Question 37

Why does the lining of the anal canal vary in length

Answer 37

Due to its embryologic derivation

Question 38

What is the proximal anal canal lined with

Answer 38

Rectal mucosa

Question 39

What are columns of Morgagni

Answer 39

vertical mucosal folds in the proximal anal canal

Question 40

What joins the columns of Morgagni together

Answer 40

Crescentic folds called anal valves

Question 41

What is the junction between the columnar and squamus epithelia referred to as

Answer 41

the anal transitional zone

Question 42

What does EAS stand for

Answer 42

External anal sphincter

Question 43

What does IAS stand for

Answer 43

Internal anal sphincter

Question 44

What is the EAS made of

Answer 44

Striated muscle

Question 45

What is the difference in the EAS in female anatomy compared to males

Answer 45

The external sphincter in the female is shorter anteriorly

Question 46

Describe the IAS

Answer 46

A thickened continuation of the circular smooth muscle of the bowel and terminates with a well-defined rounded edge above the anal margin

Question 47

Where does the anorectum receive its major blood supply from

Answer 47

From the superior haemorrhoidal and inferior haemorrhoidal arteries, and from a lesser degree from the middle haemorrhoidal artery

Question 48

Describe the ischioanal fossa

Answer 48

Extends around the anal canal and is bound anteriorly by the perineal membrane, superiorly by the fascia of the levator ani muscle and medially by the EAS complex at the end of the anal canal.

Question 49

What is the perineal body

Answer 49

The central point between the uro-genital and the anal triangles of the perineum