Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Universal Care > breastfeeding > Flashcards

breastfeeding Flashcards

1
Q

what glands do the breasts contain

A

mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do mammary glands contain

A

clusters of alveoli that contain mammary secretory epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of cells produce milk

A

mammary secretory epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what ducts connect the alveoli, lobules and lobes

A

the lactiferous ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the lactiferous duct

A

where milk is drained from the areola during lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the lactiferous sinus

A

where the milk is expelled from during breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what hormones work together during breastfeeding

A

progesterone, oestrogen, human placental lactogen, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does prolactin stimulate

A

milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does oestrogen promote

A

the development of milk ducts - which are responsible for milk storage/ delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does progesterone stimulate

A

alveolar-lobular formation - which is responsible ultimately for milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what changes can happen to the breast during pregnancy

A
  • increase in size
  • appearance of montgomery glands
  • darkening of areola
  • veins become more prominent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are montgomery glands

A

small, raised bumps on the areola responsible for nipple lubrication and antibacterial properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why do breasts increase in size typically in pregnancy

A

due to alveolar-lobular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does progesterone trigger the production of during the second half of pregnancy

A

cholostrum - lactogenesis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why isn’t there significant lactation during pregnancy

A

levels of oestrogen and progesterone are high enough to prevent significant lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what stimulates the onset of lactogenesis 2

A

the delivery of the placenta which triggers a sudden drop in oestrogen and progesterone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what hormones are responsible for maintaining milk production and release

A

oxytocin and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does nipple stimulation cause

A

a surge in oxytocin causing a milk ejection relflex and the movement of milk from alveoli into the milk ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the emptying of the alveoli enable

A

prolactin to active prolactin recepor sites on the walls of lactocytes triggering further milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does breastmilk contain (16)

A

water
triglycerides
fatty acids
lactose
proteins
vitamins
calcium
phosphates
b = t lymphocytes
neutrophils
macrophages
stem cells
enzymes
hormones
growth factors
oligosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does cholostrum contain

A

high concentration of immune components, sodium and chloride, but less lactose and triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 stages of lactation

A

lactogenesis 1
lactogenesis 2
lactogenesis 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens in lactogenesis 1

A

breast development and colostrum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when does lactogenesis start

A

16/40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what happens in lactogenesis 2
onset of copious milk secretion
26
when does lactogenesis 2 occur
between 32 and 96 hours after birth
27
what is lactogenesis 3
maintenance of milk production
28
what changes to hormones occur after birth
oestrogen and progesterone levels drop prolactin and oxytocin levels rise
29
why do prolactin and oxytocin levels increase after birth
in response to touch, smell + sight of baby
30
when are prolactin levels highest
at night
31
what is prolactin responsible for
milk production
32
what is oxytocin responsible for
milk delivery
33
what does oxytocin act on
muscle cells in pulsatile action
34
when are oxytocin levels highest
when baby is near
35
what can impact oxytocin production
stress - can temporarily delay it
36
what is FIL
feedback inhibitor of lactation
37
describe feedback inhibitor of lactation
milk removal = milk production so when ineffective removal there is reduced production
38
what does formula contain (5)
- vitamins and minerals - fats - carbohydrates - protein - water
39
what does colostrum stimulate
gut growth
40
name some risks of not breastfeeding for baby
-gastroenteritis - respiratory infections - allergies - obesity - diabetes - SIDS - NEC
41
what are the risks of not breastfeeding for mothers
- breast cancer - ovarian cancer - hip fractures - heart disease
42
what is gut dysbiosis
an imbalance in the baby's gut which can have a long term impact on health and well-being
43
define attachment
how the baby takes the breast into their mouth to enable him to feed
44
define positioning
how the mother holds her baby to help them to attach effectively to breast
45
what does CHINS stand for
close head free inline nose to nipple sustainable
46
what is the impact of ineffective attachment for mother
- sore nipples - engorgement - mastisis - low milk production - loss of confidence
47
what is the impact of ineffective attachment for baby
- feeding very frequently - frustration - poor weight gain - jaundice -hypernatraemia
48
name 4 things used to recognise effective feeding
- input - output - weight - mother
49
what long-term benefits can expressing breastmilk have
- prevent problems such as blocked ducts or mastisis - social reasons
50
what benefits can expressing breastmilk have short term
- tempt baby to feed if sleepy - provide colostrum for at risk baby - kick-start milk production - relieve engorgement - show mother she has milk - obtain milk for a baby who cannot feed
51
why do we teach hand expression
- convenient - if baby admitted to neonatal unit, mother can express immediately - better hormonal response - best method for obtaining colostrum - can target a specific area of the breast
52
describe key points of hand expression
- stimulate breast - massage - c-shape around2.5 cm from nipple - compress in steady rhythm - milk may take a few minutes to flow - if milk doesn't flow, move fingers slightly up or down and try again - when milk flow slows/ceases express the other breast
53
what advise can you give to someone to keep expressing breast milk going
- spend time with baby - skin contact - breast massage - high quality breast pump - double pumping - funnel size
54
describe how to use a breast pump
- massage breast - centre nipple ensuring good fit - increase vacuum slowly until slightly uncomfortable and then back to 10% - pump until milk flow decreases - massage and pump again - double pumping can be more effective, improving volumes expressed and saving time
55
how many days can breastmilk be stored in a fridge
for up to 5 days at 4 degrees or lower
56
how many days can breastmilk be stored in a freezer
up to 6 months
57
what differences are there in full breasts compared to engorged
full: - warm - firm - heavy - readily flowing milk - mother feels well engorgement: - hot -hard/tight -painful -shiny -may be inflamed - milk doesn't flow well - mother may have a fever
58
how does mastisis develop
from a blocked duct, which causes inflammation locally. then develops to a systemic response - fever, flu-like
59
what are the treatments for mastisis
- effective breast drainage - hand expression - anti-inflammatory therapy - analgesics - fluids - rest - antibiotics
60
describe ways to increase milk supply
- skin to skin - frequent feeds - expressing after feeds - switch feed if baby sleepy - breast compression
61
what do babies use as their energy source
glucose from milk ketones from fat stores
62
what would you recommend for a baby who is reluctant or slow to feed
- rouse baby - place in skin contact - let baby lick and nuzzle at breast - repeat every 2-3 hours - leave baby in skin contact with mum - be patient - be reassuring
63
what are signs of insufficient milk intake
- low urine output - abnormal stool pattern - suck: swallow ratio greater than 2:1 - persistent jaundice - excessive weight loss
64
what impact does feeding have on neonatal jaundice
if baby isn't feeding, then it can linger or worsen. babies with jaundice tend to be sleepy and reluctant to feed
65
describe methods of helping a mother learn to feed
- explain reasons - keep messages simple - emphasise principles - check understanding - build confidence and support instinct - use props to reinforce learning

Universal Care (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions