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My VETS2008 > Female hormone > Flashcards

Female hormone Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones does hypothalamis produce

A

GnRH
Oxytocin

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2
Q

what are the 3 Pituitary hormones

A

LH
FSH
Prolactin

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3
Q

Gonadal hormones in females are

A

estradiol
progesterone

inhibin
relaxin
testosterone

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4
Q

Uterus/placenta hormones in females (about 5)

A

PGF2a
progesterone
relaxin
chorionic gonadotropins
pacental lactogen

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5
Q

What is the HPG axis

A

hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis
regulated production of reproductive hormones in both sexes
positive and negative feedback loops (different to males)

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6
Q

3 specialised portions in the hypothalamus are:

A
  • surge centre (GnRH)
  • Tonic centre (GnRH
  • para-ventricular nucleus (secrete oxytocin)
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7
Q

Tonic and surge centre: how do these effect patterns of GnRH secretion amounts?

A

tonic = slow drip GnRH
surge = rapid and fast flood of GnRH
- very important as created a pre-ovulatory LH surge -> trigger for ovulation in females*

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8
Q

What is the importance of the surge centre in females for hormones?

A

Surge centre: rapid release of GnRH
-> very important as created a pre-ovulatory LH surge -> trigger for ovulation in females*

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9
Q

What does LH bind to (what cells)

A

LH binds to theca interna cells to produce testosterone

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10
Q

What does FSH bind to in females?

A

FSH binds to FSH receptors in Granulosa cells, which drives conversion of T to estradiol

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11
Q

Role of LH

A

produce testosterone in theca cells

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12
Q

role of FSH

A

drive conversion of T to estradiol

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13
Q

Estrogen verse estradiol

A

Estradiol (E2) is major estrogen

  • sometimes used interchangably
    • two other forms of estrogen (Estrone E1 and Estriol E3
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14
Q

What does production of estradiol require

A

2cells and 2 gonadotropins:

  • theca and granulosa cells
    • LH and FSH
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15
Q

Actions of estradiol in the brain

A
  • induced mate seeking behaviour
    • makes females receptive to mating
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16
Q

actions of estradiol in female tract

A
  • outward signs of receptivity (red, swollen vulva)
  • primes tract for mating (mucus etc.)
    • prepares for possible pregnancy (uterine glands, tone for transport, cilia/fluid in oviduct)
17
Q

As a whole, what stage is estradiol a key hormone for?

A

mating

18
Q

What are the 3 important negative feedback loops of HPG axis

A

Inhibin blocks FSH secretion by AP

E2 blocks FSH secretion by AP

Low E2 and high P4 limits GnRH secretion

19
Q

What is the 1 important positive feedback loop in HPG axis

A

High E2 (with no P4) promotes a surge of GnRH at a threshold concentration

20
Q

What are the feedback mechanisms important for in the HPG axis?

A
  • Regulate hormone production which is critical for follicle maturation and ovulation
21
Q

LH in corpus luteum: what does LH binding lead to in the corpus luteum?

A

LH binds to LH receptors in luteal cells → produces progesterone instead of testosterone

22
Q

Actions of progesterone

A
  • Mammary glands
  • endometrium development
  • myometrium (decreases uterine tone)
  • brain (inhibits receptive behaviours)
23
Q

What is progesterone important for in the surge and tonic centre? (think negative)

A
  • in tonic centre = reduced pulse frequency
  • In surge centre = blocks surge completely
  • thus progesterone will block ovulation if high → no ovulation
24
Q

What happens if progesterone is high

A

Progesterone will block ovulation, so a corpus luteum needs to degenerate before ovulation can actually occur (because progesterone is produced here by LH*

25
Q

When is oestrogen at its peak??

A

Just before ovulation → E2 drive GnRH surge which causes LH surge leading to ovulation

26
Q

When do we have a rise in progesterone

A

after ovulation, a developing CL causes increased P4 to try maintain pregnancy

27
Q

Relationship between LH and estrogen that differs from males relationship between LH and T

A
  • Small pulses of LH and E2 remains low between ovulations (doesn’t have a peak straight after LH like T does in males..)
  • prior to ovulation, E2 peaks due to follicle development, causing GnRH and LH surge
28
Q

What are the 2 cells and 2 gonadotropins involved in producing estradiol

A

theca interna and granulosa

FSH and LH

29
Q

Prostaglandin F2a or PGF2a - what process does this hormone drive?

A
  • Luteolysis - the luteal phase
    • made by the uterus but has action on CL in the ovary
30
Q

How does prostaglandin F2a hormone go from uterine to ovary

A

by counter current exchange between the uterine vein and the ovarian artery to get to the CL of the ovary

31
Q

What are chorionic gonadotropins

A
  • gonadotropins produced by placenta
  • only produced in women (hCG) and mare (eCG/PSMG)
    • Lh/FSH like activity in other species
32
Q

Where is oxytocin produced and what does it stimulate?

A
  • hypothalamus and ovary in CL
  • positive feedback loops with PGF2a → drive luteolysis
    • stimulates contractions during parturition and lactation (milk let down)
33
Q

relaxin - where is it produced and what does it cause

A

produced by placenta in CL

causes softening of pelvic ligaments and cervix for parturition

My VETS2008 (34 decks)

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