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My VETS2008 > Erection and ejaculation > Flashcards

Erection and ejaculation Flashcards

1
Q

3 stages on the timeline of male reproductive behaviours are:

A
  • precopulatory (searching, courtship, arousal, erection)
  • copulatory (mounting, ejaculation)
  • post-copulatory (dismount)
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2
Q

What general things are involved in the pre-copulatory courtship behaviours in males overall?

A
  • Flehmen response → detects pheromones → curl upper lip aspirating fluid into vomeronasal organ
  • vulva sniffing
  • circling
  • calling
  • neck biting (cats)
  • foaming at mouth (pigs)
  • excitement (horses)
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3
Q

Describe what occurs during the arousal stage of pre-copulatory phase in males when mating, and what does arousal lead to physiologically/physically? (?

A
  • Sexual arousal includes physiological responses to visual/auditory/olfactory/tactile stimuli
  • Arousal leads to:
    • elevation in testes
    • increased blood flow
    • increase scrotal cirumference (vasocongestion)
    • eretion and penile protrustion
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4
Q

Briefly describe what occurs in erection stage of pre-copulatory mating phase in males → specifically for neural reflexes

A
  • requires neural and vasomotor reflexes
  • neural: sensory stimuli → activation of hypothalamic behaviour centre → stimulation of parasympathetic nerves → nerve terminals release nitric oxide → nitric oxide drives vasomotor process
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5
Q

Briefly describe what occurs in erection stage of pre-copulatory mating phase in males → specifically for vasometer reflexes

A
  • Nitric oxide (NO) causes relaxation of corporal sinusoids and BV dilation
  • increased blood pressure in corporal sinusoids
  • collapse of emissary veins
  • contraction of ischiocavernosus and bulbospong. muscle block venous return
  • peak cavernous blood pressure
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6
Q

What occurs during erection in musculocavernous penis?

A
  • increased blood flow
  • relaxation of retractor penis muscle if present
    • significant increase in length and diameter
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7
Q

explain what happens to fibroelastic penis during erection

A

increased blood flow

relaxation of retractor penis muscle

straightening of sigmoid flexure → not an increase in length or diameter like musculocavernous

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8
Q

Copulation phase of mating: explain mounting and intromission phase of this (touching on 2 things that good mounting relies on)

A
  • mounting occurs prior to intromission (entrance of penis into vagina)
  • mounting is key element of breeding soundness
  • Mounting reliant on: good male conformation allowing mating, and female receptivity
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9
Q

Explain what emission and ejaculation are in the copulatory phase of male mating:

A
  • Emission: movement of sperm from cauda epididymis to vas def, emptying of SP (seminal plasma) into pelvis urethra
    • gets everything ready to go
  • Ejaculation: expulsion of semen from the penis
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10
Q

What drives emission - para or sympathetic stimulation mainly?

A
  • driven by sympathetic stimulation of SM in:
    • cauda epididymis
    • vas def
      • accessory sex glands
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11
Q

What drives ejaculation; is it para or sympathetic stimulation?

A
  • parasympathetic stimulation of:
    • ischiocavernosus m
    • bulbospongiosus m
    • urethralis m
  • SM in the bladder neck contracts to prevent backflow into the bladder
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12
Q

What occurs in the post-copulatory - refractory period in male mating

A
  • they are unresponsive to further stimuli
  • end of refractory period indicated by renewed response / interest in stimuli
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13
Q

What is refractory period influenced by and why do we care about refractory period length in bulls/rams?

A
  • influenced by:
    • species, amount of sexual rest, male age, novelty of female
  • The shorter the refractory period, the more cows bulls/rams can get pregnant/mate with (higher reproduction rate)
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14
Q

What measures might you include for assessing bull for breeding soundness?

A
  • Semen assessment*
  • circumference of the scrotum → larger area = higher sperm produced
  • overall health/diseases in male for semen quality
  • conformation of bull
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15
Q

Mating behaviour in the bull → general mating signs in pre-copulation to post-copulation (how long copulation takes etc.)

A
  • pre copulation: flehmen, chin resting, test mounting, nuzzling vulva
  • copulation: 1-2 seconds, 1 large pelvic thrust, ejaculate into the vagina
  • post-copulation: 20 ejacs to satiation- paddock joining
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16
Q

mating behaviour in rams: explain some behaviours from pre-copulation to post-copulation (similar to cows)

A
  • precopulation: flehmen, nudging ewe, pawing
  • copulation: 1-3 seconds, 1 large pelvis thrust, ejaculate at external cervical os
  • post-copulation: 10 ejacs to satiation- paddock joining
17
Q

mating behaviour in horses - explain some behaviours they show in pre-copulation to post-copulation

A
  • pre-copulation: flehmen, excitement
  • copulation: 20-60 seconds, multiple pelvis thrusts, tail flagging, ejaculate into uterus
  • post-copulation: 3 ejacs to satiation (not as much as cows/rams)
18
Q

mating behaviour in pigs: explain some behaviours shown in pre-copulation to post-copulation

A
  • pre-copulation: nuzzling sow, teeth grinding, foaming at mouth
  • copulation: 5-20 mins, rapid pelvis thrusting until cervix engages, then drowsiness during slow ejaculation → ejaculate into cervix and uterus
    • post-copulation: about 10 ejacs so higher than horse and similar to cow/ram
19
Q

Mating behaviour of dogs- explain brief behaviours shown in pre-copulation to post copulation

A
  • pre copulation: roaming, sniffing/licking vulva
  • copulation: 2 mins (first stage) - up to 45mins (Second stage where bulbus glandis creates a tie - stuck together until erection is lost*)
  • post copulation: not sure how many ejacs to satiation
20
Q

Mating behaviour in cats: pre-copulation to post-copulation

A
  • pre-copulation: spraying, prowling, neck biting
  • copulation: 1 min, 1 large pelvis thrust, ejaculate into vagina
  • post-copulation: 6-15 ejacs
21
Q

Viagra prolongs vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide. What would happen if you gave viagra to a bull in absence of any sexual stimuli?

A
  • He would not get an erection due to the absence of sexual stimuli
    • all viagra does is prolong that physiological response to nitric oxide → but an erection REQUIRES sexual stimuli to kick the process off.
22
Q

two methods of semen collection are:

A
  • Artificial vagina
    • electroejaculation
23
Q

Briefly explain artificial vagina method of collecting semen

A
  • Ejaculate into artificial vagina
  • collect physiological semen sample
  • male must be trained though so can’t use all of the time
24
Q

Briefly explain electroejaculation in collecting semen from males:

A
  • male restrained or anaesthetised
  • rectal probe used to stimulate ASG’s
  • Neg: may include excess seminal plasma and urine contamination (close to bladder)
  • Positive: can do it on any male/don’t have to be trained

My VETS2008 (34 decks)

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