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Dermatology > Feline Dermatoses > Flashcards

Feline Dermatoses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is preauricular alopecia?

A

Normal hair loss around ears

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2
Q

What is lentigines?

A

Lentigo: singular

Pigmented macules or patches

Orange cast most common

Nasal planum, eyelids, lips, gingiva, pinnae

Benign

Increase with age

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3
Q

Feline Dermatology

Overview

A

Less common than dogs
Reaction patterns
Infections are less common (often do not get true folliculitis and pyoderma)
Should take more of a systematic diagnostic approach
Consider retroviruses
Difference with steroid therapy

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4
Q

Pruritus

Manifestations

A 
\+/- Scratch
Bite
Excessive grooming (increase in hairballs)
Hypotrichosis
Alopecia (ventral abdomen)
Hiding
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5
Q

Feline Reaction Patterns

KNOW

A

Miliary dermatitis
Alopecia
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

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6
Q

Pruritic Cat think…

A

Allergies (food, flea, environment)

Ectoparasites

Infection (bacterial, malezia, dermatophytosis)

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7
Q

What is miliary dermatitis? (KNOW)

A

Small, multifocal crusts
Focal or generalized
Palpation (dorsum)

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8
Q

Alopecia (KNOW)
Where?
DfDx

A

Belly!
Often no skin lesions

Allergies
Ectoparasites

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9
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (KNOW)

Causes

A

Eosinophilic infiltrate:
Antigenic stimuli
Hypersensitivity reaction

Develop secondary to allergies or ectoparasites

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10
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (KNOW)

Syndromes (3)

A

Indolent ulcer (lip)
Eosinophilic plaque
Eosinophilic granuloma

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11
Q 
Eosinophilic Plaque (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

Alopecia
Erythematous raised plaques, erosions, or ulcerations
Pruritus (over grooming)
Abdomen, thighs

Moist and raised lesions

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12
Q

Indolent Ulcer (KNOW)

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

aka: rodent ulcer b/c thought got it from rats
Upper lip
Unilateral or Bilateral
Non-painful
Can become disfiguring (chronic)
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13
Q 
Eosinophilic Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

Linear Granuloma (thighs)
Oral granuloma
Interdigital granuloma
Pouty Lip or Fat Chin Syndrome (do not aspirate)

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14
Q 
Linear Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Linear conformation
Yellow, pink nodules
Alopeica
Caudal thighs, chin, axilla
Non-pruritic 
Usually an incidental finding
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15
Q 
Oral Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Hard or soft palate
Tongue

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16
Q

Interdigital Granuloma (KNOW)
Cause
DfDx

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Can be caused by allergy

DfDx:
Bacterial infection
Neoplasia

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17
Q

Flea Allergy

Species

A

Most common allergy of cats!

Ctenocephalides felis

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18
Q

Flea Allergy

Reaction Pattern

A

Miliary dermatitis

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19
Q

Flea Allergy

Pathogenesis

A

Antigen in saliva

Type I and IV hypersensitivity

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20
Q

Flea Allergy

Diagnosis

A

Flea comb

Fecal: tapeworm that C. felis carries!

Response to therapy:
Bravecto
Capstar: 30 days
Treat secondary infections 
If lesions remain than something else going on
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21
Q

Flea Allergy

Treatment

A

Strict, year-round flea control:
Topical adulticide (Revolution with increase frequency)
Bravecto

Flea control for all animals in the house

+/- treating environment (difficult)

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22
Q

Food Allergy

Background

A

Second most common allergy

Any reaction pattern seen

Could see concurrent GI signs

Non-seasonal pruritus; usually around neck and head

Any age; usually <1 year

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23
Q

Food Allergy

Types

A 
Usually protein:
Chicken
Beef
Dairy
Fish
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24
Q

Food Allergy

Diagnosis

A

Food trial:
Novel Protein vs. Hydrolzyed Diet
Minimum: 6-8 weeks
STRICT

Once complete challenge with original diet and if signs return than most likely a food allergy and will need to be on diet

Serum allergy tests not reliable

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25
Q

Feline Atopy

General

A

Seasonal or Non-seasonal

Any reaction pattern

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26
Q

Feline Atopy

Diagnosis

A

Diagnosis of exclusion:
Rule out: flea and food allergy
Treat for ectoparasites
Diagnose infections

Atopica Trial; good for environmental allergens

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27
Q

Feline Atopy

Treatment

A

Antihistamines
Glucocorticoids
Atopica
Allergy specific immunotherapy

Bathing?
Free fatty acids?

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28
Q

Antihistamines

Kinds

A

Chlorpheniramine
Amitriptyline

Not very helpful in allergies because usually due to inflammatory mediators not histamine

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29
Q

Atopica trial
What is it?
Prior to starting…

A

Cyclosporine
Good for environmental allergens
Takes 2-4 weeks to start working

Prior to starting:
Baseline bloodwork (monitoring purposes)
FeLV/FIV
Dermatophyte Culture (atopica will make this worse)

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30
Q

Insect Hypersensitivity
Lesions
Location

A

Mosquito bites
Papules, pustules, crusts

Bridge of nose, outer pinnae, footpads

Mild to severe pruritus

31
Q

Insect Hypersensitivity

Diagnosis

A

Clinical Signs

Outdoor at dusk

32
Q

Insect Hypersensitivity

Therapy

A

Indoor only
Restrict access to outdoors at dusk at least
Insect Control
Steroids

33
Q

Notoedres

Lesions

A

Ectoparasite
Congatious
Notoedres cati

Rare with endemic foci

Pruritus of head and neck

Crusting of head, ears, feet, perineum

Zoonotic!
Cat version of scabies

34
Q

Notoedres

Diagnosis

A

Ectoparasite
Zoonotic!

Superficial scrape (surface mite)

35
Q

Top 3 DfDx for Crusts

A

Pyoderma
Demodex
Ringworm

36
Q

Cheyletiellosis

What is it

A

Ectoparasite
Zoonotic
Contagious

Cheyletiella blakei (walking dandruff)

Not common

37
Q

Cheyletiellosis

Clinical Signs

A

Dorsal dry scale
Pruritus
Miliary dermatitis
Symmetrical alopecia

Might see the dandruff moving!

38
Q

Cheyletiellosis

Diagnosis

A 
Superficial skin scrape
Scotch Tape!
Fecal
Flea comb
Vacuum (but cats do not like that)

Response to treatment is most common (Front-line)

39
Q

Otodectes

A

Otodectes cynotis

Most commonly see otitis
Coffee ground appearance

Pruritic Dermatitis:
Head and neck (ears)

40
Q

Ectoparasite Treatment

A

Superficial mites
Notoedres
Cheyletiella
Otodectes

Bravecto (Fluralaner)
Revolution (Selemectin)-given every 2 weeks with infection
Advantage Multi (Imidocloprid, Moxidectin)
Ivermectin
Lime Sulfur Dips

41
Q

Demodex

A

Mite: Demodex gatoi

Short, fat bodied

Lives in stratum corneum

Contagious!

Asymptomatic carriers
Pruritus
Alopecia
Excoriations

42
Q

Demodex

Diagnosis

A

Demodex gatoi

Broad superficial scrapes; can be difficult to find, try between shoulder blades

Fecal (grooming)

43
Q

Demodex

Treatment

A

Lime Sulfur Dips; at least 6 of them

Must do this with any animals in contact with infected cat

44
Q

DfDx for Cats with Skin Lesions

A 
Dermatophytosis
Autoimmune (pemphigus folliacus)
Neoplasia
Paraneoplastic 
Psychogenic (not common)
45
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

mIcrosporum canis

NOT usually pruritic

Miliary dermatitis

Rule out BEFORE using steroids or Atopica; will make Dermatophytosis worse

46
Q

Pyoderma and Malassezia

A

Uncommon; usually occur secondary to some other disease

Diagnose via cytology

47
Q

Pyoderma

Treatment

A

Topicals
Oral antibiotics: Cephalosporins
Injectable: Convenia

48
Q

Malassezia

Treatment

A

Topicals

Oral antifungals; Fluconazole, Terbinafine

49
Q

Psychogenic Alopecia

Background

A

Stress

Self-induced
Non-lesional
Asian breeds

50
Q

Psychogenic Alopecia

Diagnosis

A

Diagnosis of exclusion

Rule out causes of pruritus

51
Q

Psychogenic Alopecia

Treatment

A

Identify and limit stress

Behavior modifying drugs

52
Q

Allergy

DfDx

A

Flea
Food
Atopy

53
Q

Ectoparasite

DfDx

A

Otodectes
Notoedres
Cheyletiella
Demodex gatoi

54
Q

Infectious

DfDx

A

Dermatophytosis
Pyoderma
Malassezia

55
Q

Feline Derm
Diagnostic Approach
Step 1

A

History; everything based off of this

Fungal Culture (dermatophytosis)
Skin Cytology (bacteria or yeast; treat) - if eosinophils found work up for allergies
Skin scrape (mites)
56
Q

Eosinophils on skin cytology suggests…

A

Allergy

Parasites

57
Q

Feline Derm
Diagnostic Approach
Step 2

A

Rule out food allergies and ectoparasites

Fleas? - Flea control (Bravecto, Revolution)

Treat pruritus: steroids, +/-antihistamines

58
Q

Feline Derm
Diagnostic Approach
Step 3

A

Food trial
Atopica Trial (dermatophytosis must be ruled out)
Lime Sulfur Dip Trial (Demodex)

In bad cases might need long term steroids

59
Q

Steroids

Anti-inflammatory dose

A

0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day

60
Q

Steroids

Immunosuppressive dose

A

2 mg/kg/day

61
Q

Steroids
Dose
Goal

A

Prednisolone
Dose: 1 mg/kg/day PO (usually 5 mg/cat)

Goal: taper to ever other day

Avoid injectable because last 8-12 weeks

62
Q

Steroids

Prior to administration what should be done?

A

Basic bloodwork (baseline; evaluation of organs)
FeLV/FIV
Dermatophyte culture

63
Q

Side effect of Glucocorticoids

A

Diabetes mellitus

Skin Fragility Syndrome (NO)

Medical curling of pinnae

Congestive heart failure

64
Q

Feline seborrhea

A

Secondary much more common

Seborrhea sicca

65
Q

Secondary causes of scaling

Miliary dermatitis

A 
Miliary dermatitis:
Flea allergy
Allergies in general
Dermatophytosis
Cheyletiellosis
Pyoderma
Pemphigus foliaceus
66
Q

3 Reasons for Secondary Scaling

A

Miliary dermatitis
Endocrine
Parasitic

67
Q

Secondary causes of scaling

Parasitic

A

Fleas
Cheyletiellosis
Demodicosis
Pediculosis

68
Q

Secondary causes of scaling

Endocrine

A

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

69
Q

Feline Acne

What is it

A

Focal primary follicular keratinization disorder (idiopathic)

Potentially reaction to metal bowls?
Potentially see secondary demodex infection

70
Q

Feline Acne

Lesions

A

Comedones
Papules, pusutules
Crusting
Nodules

71
Q

Feline Acne

Treatment

A

Treating the complicating factors:
Bacteria (oral antibiotics, Mupirocin)

Symptomatic therapy for underlying keratinization disorder:
Keratolytic/Keratoplastic (Benzoyl Peroxide)

72
Q

Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

Lesions

A

Rare

Soft painless swelling of metacarpal/tarsal footpads

White cross-hatches

+/- ulcerate (pain)

73
Q

Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

Causes

A

Possible immune-mediated

50% FIV positive

74
Q

Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

Treatment

A 
Spontaneous regression 
Doxycycline
Immunosuppression
Food trial
Surgery

Dermatology (13 decks)

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