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Feline Dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is preauricular alopecia?

A

Normal hair loss around ears

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2
Q

What is lentigines?

A

Lentigo: singular

Pigmented macules or patches

Orange cast most common

Nasal planum, eyelids, lips, gingiva, pinnae

Benign

Increase with age

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3
Q

Feline Dermatology

Overview

A

Less common than dogs
Reaction patterns
Infections are less common (often do not get true folliculitis and pyoderma)
Should take more of a systematic diagnostic approach
Consider retroviruses
Difference with steroid therapy

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4
Q

Pruritus

Manifestations

A 
\+/- Scratch
Bite
Excessive grooming (increase in hairballs)
Hypotrichosis
Alopecia (ventral abdomen)
Hiding
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5
Q

Feline Reaction Patterns

KNOW

A

Miliary dermatitis
Alopecia
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

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6
Q

Pruritic Cat think…

A

Allergies (food, flea, environment)

Ectoparasites

Infection (bacterial, malezia, dermatophytosis)

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7
Q

What is miliary dermatitis? (KNOW)

A

Small, multifocal crusts
Focal or generalized
Palpation (dorsum)

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8
Q

Alopecia (KNOW)
Where?
DfDx

A

Belly!
Often no skin lesions

Allergies
Ectoparasites

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9
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (KNOW)

Causes

A

Eosinophilic infiltrate:
Antigenic stimuli
Hypersensitivity reaction

Develop secondary to allergies or ectoparasites

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10
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (KNOW)

Syndromes (3)

A

Indolent ulcer (lip)
Eosinophilic plaque
Eosinophilic granuloma

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11
Q 
Eosinophilic Plaque (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

Alopecia
Erythematous raised plaques, erosions, or ulcerations
Pruritus (over grooming)
Abdomen, thighs

Moist and raised lesions

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12
Q

Indolent Ulcer (KNOW)

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

aka: rodent ulcer b/c thought got it from rats
Upper lip
Unilateral or Bilateral
Non-painful
Can become disfiguring (chronic)
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13
Q 
Eosinophilic Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

Linear Granuloma (thighs)
Oral granuloma
Interdigital granuloma
Pouty Lip or Fat Chin Syndrome (do not aspirate)

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14
Q 
Linear Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Linear conformation
Yellow, pink nodules
Alopeica
Caudal thighs, chin, axilla
Non-pruritic 
Usually an incidental finding
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15
Q 
Oral Granuloma (KNOW)
Lesions
A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Hard or soft palate
Tongue

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16
Q

Interdigital Granuloma (KNOW)
Cause
DfDx

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex specifically Eosinophilic Granuloma

Can be caused by allergy

DfDx:
Bacterial infection
Neoplasia

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17
Q

Flea Allergy

Species

A

Most common allergy of cats!

Ctenocephalides felis

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18
Q

Flea Allergy

Reaction Pattern

A

Miliary dermatitis

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19
Q

Flea Allergy

Pathogenesis

A

Antigen in saliva

Type I and IV hypersensitivity

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20
Q

Flea Allergy

Diagnosis

A

Flea comb

Fecal: tapeworm that C. felis carries!

Response to therapy:
Bravecto
Capstar: 30 days
Treat secondary infections 
If lesions remain than something else going on
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21
Q

Flea Allergy

Treatment

A

Strict, year-round flea control:
Topical adulticide (Revolution with increase frequency)
Bravecto

Flea control for all animals in the house

+/- treating environment (difficult)

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22
Q

Food Allergy

Background

A

Second most common allergy

Any reaction pattern seen

Could see concurrent GI signs

Non-seasonal pruritus; usually around neck and head

Any age; usually <1 year

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23
Q

Food Allergy

Types

A 
Usually protein:
Chicken
Beef
Dairy
Fish
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24
Q

Food Allergy

Diagnosis

A

Food trial:
Novel Protein vs. Hydrolzyed Diet
Minimum: 6-8 weeks
STRICT

Once complete challenge with original diet and if signs return than most likely a food allergy and will need to be on diet

Serum allergy tests not reliable

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25
Feline Atopy | General
Seasonal or Non-seasonal Any reaction pattern
26
Feline Atopy | Diagnosis
Diagnosis of exclusion: Rule out: flea and food allergy Treat for ectoparasites Diagnose infections Atopica Trial; good for environmental allergens
27
Feline Atopy | Treatment
Antihistamines Glucocorticoids Atopica Allergy specific immunotherapy Bathing? Free fatty acids?
28
Antihistamines | Kinds
Chlorpheniramine Amitriptyline Not very helpful in allergies because usually due to inflammatory mediators not histamine
29
Atopica trial What is it? Prior to starting...
Cyclosporine Good for environmental allergens Takes 2-4 weeks to start working Prior to starting: Baseline bloodwork (monitoring purposes) FeLV/FIV Dermatophyte Culture (atopica will make this worse)
30
Insect Hypersensitivity Lesions Location
Mosquito bites Papules, pustules, crusts Bridge of nose, outer pinnae, footpads Mild to severe pruritus
31
Insect Hypersensitivity | Diagnosis
Clinical Signs | Outdoor at dusk
32
Insect Hypersensitivity | Therapy
Indoor only Restrict access to outdoors at dusk at least Insect Control Steroids
33
Notoedres | Lesions
Ectoparasite Congatious Notoedres cati Rare with endemic foci Pruritus of head and neck Crusting of head, ears, feet, perineum Zoonotic! Cat version of scabies
34
Notoedres | Diagnosis
Ectoparasite Zoonotic! Superficial scrape (surface mite)
35
Top 3 DfDx for Crusts
Pyoderma Demodex Ringworm
36
Cheyletiellosis | What is it
Ectoparasite Zoonotic Contagious Cheyletiella blakei (walking dandruff) Not common
37
Cheyletiellosis | Clinical Signs
Dorsal dry scale Pruritus Miliary dermatitis Symmetrical alopecia Might see the dandruff moving!
38
Cheyletiellosis | Diagnosis
``` Superficial skin scrape Scotch Tape! Fecal Flea comb Vacuum (but cats do not like that) ``` Response to treatment is most common (Front-line)
39
Otodectes
Otodectes cynotis Most commonly see otitis Coffee ground appearance Pruritic Dermatitis: Head and neck (ears)
40
Ectoparasite Treatment
Superficial mites Notoedres Cheyletiella Otodectes Bravecto (Fluralaner) Revolution (Selemectin)-given every 2 weeks with infection Advantage Multi (Imidocloprid, Moxidectin) Ivermectin Lime Sulfur Dips
41
Demodex
Mite: Demodex gatoi Short, fat bodied Lives in stratum corneum Contagious! Asymptomatic carriers Pruritus Alopecia Excoriations
42
Demodex | Diagnosis
Demodex gatoi Broad superficial scrapes; can be difficult to find, try between shoulder blades Fecal (grooming)
43
Demodex | Treatment
Lime Sulfur Dips; at least 6 of them Must do this with any animals in contact with infected cat
44
DfDx for Cats with Skin Lesions
``` Dermatophytosis Autoimmune (pemphigus folliacus) Neoplasia Paraneoplastic Psychogenic (not common) ```
45
Dermatophytosis
mIcrosporum canis NOT usually pruritic Miliary dermatitis Rule out BEFORE using steroids or Atopica; will make Dermatophytosis worse
46
Pyoderma and Malassezia
Uncommon; usually occur secondary to some other disease Diagnose via cytology
47
Pyoderma | Treatment
Topicals Oral antibiotics: Cephalosporins Injectable: Convenia
48
Malassezia | Treatment
Topicals | Oral antifungals; Fluconazole, Terbinafine
49
Psychogenic Alopecia | Background
Stress Self-induced Non-lesional Asian breeds
50
Psychogenic Alopecia | Diagnosis
Diagnosis of exclusion Rule out causes of pruritus
51
Psychogenic Alopecia | Treatment
Identify and limit stress Behavior modifying drugs
52
Allergy | DfDx
Flea Food Atopy
53
Ectoparasite | DfDx
Otodectes Notoedres Cheyletiella Demodex gatoi
54
Infectious | DfDx
Dermatophytosis Pyoderma Malassezia
55
Feline Derm Diagnostic Approach Step 1
History; everything based off of this ``` Fungal Culture (dermatophytosis) Skin Cytology (bacteria or yeast; treat) - if eosinophils found work up for allergies Skin scrape (mites) ```
56
Eosinophils on skin cytology suggests...
Allergy | Parasites
57
Feline Derm Diagnostic Approach Step 2
Rule out food allergies and ectoparasites Fleas? - Flea control (Bravecto, Revolution) Treat pruritus: steroids, +/-antihistamines
58
Feline Derm Diagnostic Approach Step 3
Food trial Atopica Trial (dermatophytosis must be ruled out) Lime Sulfur Dip Trial (Demodex) In bad cases might need long term steroids
59
Steroids | Anti-inflammatory dose
0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day
60
Steroids | Immunosuppressive dose
2 mg/kg/day
61
Steroids Dose Goal
Prednisolone Dose: 1 mg/kg/day PO (usually 5 mg/cat) Goal: taper to ever other day Avoid injectable because last 8-12 weeks
62
Steroids | Prior to administration what should be done?
Basic bloodwork (baseline; evaluation of organs) FeLV/FIV Dermatophyte culture
63
Side effect of Glucocorticoids
Diabetes mellitus Skin Fragility Syndrome (NO) Medical curling of pinnae Congestive heart failure
64
Feline seborrhea
Secondary much more common Seborrhea sicca
65
Secondary causes of scaling | Miliary dermatitis
``` Miliary dermatitis: Flea allergy Allergies in general Dermatophytosis Cheyletiellosis Pyoderma Pemphigus foliaceus ```
66
3 Reasons for Secondary Scaling
Miliary dermatitis Endocrine Parasitic
67
Secondary causes of scaling | Parasitic
Fleas Cheyletiellosis Demodicosis Pediculosis
68
Secondary causes of scaling | Endocrine
Hyperthyroidism | Diabetes mellitus
69
Feline Acne | What is it
Focal primary follicular keratinization disorder (idiopathic) Potentially reaction to metal bowls? Potentially see secondary demodex infection
70
Feline Acne | Lesions
Comedones Papules, pusutules Crusting Nodules
71
Feline Acne | Treatment
Treating the complicating factors: Bacteria (oral antibiotics, Mupirocin) Symptomatic therapy for underlying keratinization disorder: Keratolytic/Keratoplastic (Benzoyl Peroxide)
72
Plasma Cell Pododermatitis | Lesions
Rare Soft painless swelling of metacarpal/tarsal footpads White cross-hatches +/- ulcerate (pain)
73
Plasma Cell Pododermatitis | Causes
Possible immune-mediated | 50% FIV positive
74
Plasma Cell Pododermatitis | Treatment
``` Spontaneous regression Doxycycline Immunosuppression Food trial Surgery ```

Dermatology (13 decks)

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