Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dermatology > Ear Diseases > Flashcards

Ear Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

When looking in the ear where to you insert the otoscope?

A

Into the intertragic incisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomy of tempanic membrane

A 
Pars flaccida (vessels here)
Stria mallearis (C shaped bone)
Pars tensa (semi-transparent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Otitis Externa

A

Inflammation of the ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Otitis Causes (3 broad -Ps-)

A

Primary (allergies)
Predisposing (swimming)
Perpetuating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Otitis: Primary Causes

A 
Parasites:
Otodectes 
Otobius
Demodex
Sarcoptes/notoedres

Allergies

Foreign bodies

Disorders of keratinization

Neoplasia

Autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Otodectes cynotis

A

Primary cause of otitis

Dogs and cats
Coffee ground appearance
Ears can be normal
Can be visualized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Demodex

A

Primary cause of otitis
uncommon

canis
injai
cati

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sarcoptes

A

Primary cause of otitis
Scabies!
Dogs

Zoonotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Notoedres

A

Primary cause of otitis
Feline

Otitis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Allergies (3 kinds)

A

Most common primary cause of otitis

Atopy: pruritus on face, paws, axiallae, inguinal

Food: +/- pruritus

Contact hypersensitivity: propylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Swimming lab DfDx for Otitis

A

Yeast

However, if this keeps happening might actually be allergies!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Foregin bodies

A

Primary cause of otitis

Grass awns
Medications

Usually unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disorders of keratinization

Causes

A

Primary cause of otitis

Primary seborrhea
Sebaceous adenitis
Hypothyroidism
Cushing’s disease?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Otitis think…

A

Allergies

Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pyoderma think…

A

Allergies

Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neoplasia

A

Primary cause of otitis

Inflammatory polyps (usually due to chronic issues)
Benign and malignant types:
Adenoma
Cysts (apocrine)
Apocrine gland carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autoimmune

A

Primary cause of otitis

Pemphigus foliaceus
Caseous like material
Eyes, nose, ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Predisposing Causes of Otitis (Anatomy)

A

Pendulous pinnae
Stenotic ear canal (brachycephalic breeds)
Increased hair in ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Predisposing Causes of Otitis (Lifestyle)

A

Swimming
Grooming (plucking; causes inflammation)
Overzealous cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Perpetuating Causes of Otitis

A

Yeast
Bacteria
Chronic changes
Otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical Signs of Acute Otitits

A 
Head shaking
Ear scratching
Head carriage
Erythema
Facial trauma
Aural hematoma (blood vessels rupturing from shaking head)
Mal-odor
Debris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clinical Signs of Chronic Otitits

A

Lichenification
Thickening of ear canal cartilage (end stage)
Stenotic ear canal (can’t get the ear swab in)
Ceruminal gland hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pseudomonas otitis

Clinical Signs

A

Perpetuating cause of otitis

Mal-odor
Fluid on palpation
Purulent discharge
Ulcerated ear canal
Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of Otitis

History

A 
Age of onset
Recurrence?
Pruritus?
History of skin infections?
Swimming?
Bathing?
Hiking?
Hunting?
Treatments already done
25
Diagnosis of Otitis | Broad
PE: Observe gait and mentation (head tilt; think interna) Palpate ear canals Open mouth (painful suggests middle ear infection) Skin and paws (allergies)
26
Diagnosis of Otitis | Specific exam...
Otoscopic Exam Look at both ears (less affected one first) Understand anatomy Need to see the TM (must be in-tact for certain treatments; mainly important for patients with head tilt/suspected rupture-otitis interna-) Head being held out straight is most helpful
27
Why would you not be able to see the TM?
Inadequate restraint Painful Waxy material blocking TM Severe stenosis (calcification, chronic issue) Not 100% necessary unless head tilt/suspected rupture
28
Diagnostics -main-
Ear cytology! Always address underlying cause
29
Diagnostics Additional
Culture? When suspecting pseudomonas Infection is persisting in face of appropriate treatment PMNs with no apparent bacteria Note: stenotic ears are most likely not receiving all the necessary antibiotic
30
Diagnostics: what advanced imaging is the best
Mainly for otitis media CT Can also use: MRI or ultrasound
31
Management of Otitis (4 steps)
1. Look for primary cause 2. Address predisposing causes 3. Reduce inflammation (steroid) 4. Treat secondary infections
32
When prescribing ear meds what is important | examples
Volume! Not enough volume than will not be cured Toy breeds/cats: 0.25 cc Small/medium: 0.5 cc Large: 1 cc Twice daily for 14 days
33
Neurologic deficits/Ruptured TM | Meds
Safe: Enrofloxacin Miconazole Dexamethasone Avoid: Aminoglycosides Chlorhexidine
34
Ear Cleaners | Properties
Ceruminolytic Drying agents Antimicrobial Can be ototoxic
35
Ear Cleaners | Procedure
Must flood ear canal and message for 30 seconds Use soft gauze to clean out (external portion) Do not have to use cotton swabs the ear cleaner should debride what is necessary
36
Ear Cleaners | Ruptured TM
Saline Squalene TrizEDTA; good for pseudomonas
37
Oral Antibiotics for Otitis Externa
Debatable Oral antibiotics most likely will not reach externa Needed for otitis media/interna; 6-8 weeks
38
Anti-inflammatory
Corticosteroids: Topical Oral = most helpful NSAIDs NOT useful
39
How to treat a chronic endstage diseased ear
Very stenotic so cannot get meds in Will have to do Sx (Total ear canal ablation; TECABO)
40
Key to Successful Treatment | 5 Components
Look for primary/predisposing causes Good communication Open ear canal; steroids, decrease inflammation and secretions from sebaceous glands Use large volumes Re-checks
41
Ear Mites | Treatment (2)
Topical: Pyrethrin Thiabendazole Milbemite Systemic: Revolution (3x: 1 treatment every 2 weeks) Isoxazolines (Bravecto, Nexgard, Simparica)
42
Malasezzia Otitis
Common organism Look for primary/predisposing causes Smell test not accurate; cytology Treatment; azoles Stenotic? use liquid not ointment
43
Bacterial Otitis | Types (non-pseudomonas)
Cocci: Staph ``` Rods: E. coli Proteus Kelbsiella Corynebacterium ```
44
Bacterial Otitis | Treatment (non-pseudomonas)
Aminoglycosides (as long as TM is in-tact) Florfenicol Polymixin B Note momentamax is ineffective against pseudomonas
45
Bacterial Otitis Recurrent What to consider
Allergies! Endocrine; hypothyroidism
46
Pseudomonas Otitis | Characteristics
History of chronicity Tends to be resistant
47
Pseudomonas Otitis | Diagnosis
Suspect with history and PE (purulent debri) Cytology: PMNs with a lot of rods; should be the only bacteria type Culture: ID
48
Pseudomonas Otitis | Treatment
``` TrizEDTA: punches holes in bacteria wall Enrofloxacin Tobramycin Silver sulfadiazine Ticracillin Polymixin B ``` Corticosteroids (decrease inflammation and ulceration)
49
Components of middle ear
``` TM Tympanic bulla Auditory (Eustachian) tube Auditory ossicles Facial nerve (inner ear only) ```
50
Otitis Media | Pathogenesis
Chronic OE usually TM is composed of collagens (type 1 and 2) which weaken with infection
51
Otitis Media | Infectious organisms
``` Staph Streptococcus Pseudomonas E. coli Proteus ``` Otitis externa can be due to different bacteria
52
Otitis Media | Other causes
Fungal Foreign bodies Masses
53
Otitis Media | Clinical Signs
History of chronicity Pain on opening mouth Neurologic deficits: head tilt, facial paralysis, Horner's syndrome
54
Otitis Media | Diagnosis
History: Chronicity Poor response to treatment PE Otoscopic exam: Mass TM: ruptured, bulging, color
55
Otitis Media Diagnosis Myringotomy
Referal procedure Have to rupture the TM Fluid/material collection from middle ear Send out for C/S Flush ear
56
How long does it take for a ruptured TM to heal?
2-4 weeks
57
Otitis Media | Treatment
Systemic antimicrobial: 6-8 weeks ``` Topical treatment: TrizEDTA Saline Squalene Baytril Miconazole ```
58
Systemic antibiotics for generalized pyoderma | How long?
3-4 weeks
59
Otitis Media | Prognosis
Gaurded Recurrences possible VBO may need to occur Always look for primary cause

Dermatology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions