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Dermatology > Demodicosis > Flashcards

Demodicosis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Canine demodicosis

What is it?

A

Inflammatory skin disease caused by follicular mite Demodex canis

Normal habitant of skin’hair follicles (lives in the follicle) generally found in small numbers
When numbers increase and cause clinical signs = demodicosis

NOT contagious; although obtained when they are a few days old from nursing on mom

Not considered pruritic disease but can be associated

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2
Q

Canine demodicosis

Lifecycle (broad)

A

Spends entire life on skin of host

Found in hair follicles and occationally sebaceous glands

Cycle = 20-35 days

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3
Q

Canine demodicosis

Lifecycle (stages)

A

Fusiform eggs
Six-legged larvae
Eight-legged nymphs
Eight-legged adults

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4
Q

Canine demodicosis

Immunopathologenesis

A

Hereditary gene defect (juvenile onset, generalized disease)

Probable T-cell defect (generalized disease condition)

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5
Q

Canine demodicosis

Clinical lesions

A 
Alopecia (patchy) 
Comedones (scrape these)
Papules
Pustules
Crust
Draining tracts
Nodules
Erythema; can be severe

Overproliferation of mites; build up in hair follicle and rupture causing deep pyoderma

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6
Q

Canine demodicosis

Location of lesions

A 
Face
Periocular area
Commissures of the mouth 
Forelegs
Trunk
Rear legs
Paws; demodectic pododermatitis
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7
Q

Types of canine demodicosis (2)

A

Localized

Generalized

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8
Q

Canine demodicosis
Localized
Age

A

Juvenile (3-6 months)

Rarely progresses to generalized

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9
Q

Canine demodicosis
Localized
Lesions

A

1 to 6 small areas (patchy, scales); anymore than considered generalized

Face and forelegs most common

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10
Q

Canine demodicosis
Localized
Treatment

A

Typically benign

Typically resolves spontaneously within 6-8 weeks

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11
Q

Canine demodicosis
Generalized
Onset

A

Juvenile (do NOT breed)

Adult (>4 years)

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12
Q

Canine demodicosis
Generalized
Adult

A

Uncommon-rare

Suspected to develop secondary to immune suppression:
Drugs (pred, apoquel, chemo)
Disease (Cushing’s, Hypothyroidism, neoplasia, parasites)

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13
Q

Canine demodicosis
Generalized
Lesions

A

Many localized lesions: head, trunk, legs, 2+ paws

Patchy

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14
Q

Canine demodicosis

Diagnosis

A

Deep skin scrapings (must get to the hair follicle) - multiple scrapings

Observe under 10X

Hair plucks not as sensitive as skin scrape

Tissue biopsy not necessary; will yield folliculitis/furunculosis

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15
Q

Canine demodicosis
Diagnosis
Rule out tests

A 
CBC, Chem, UA
Heartworm and fecal
T4/TSH
ACTH Stim or LDDST 
Radiographs +/- ultrasound for neoplasia
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16
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment
What to avoid

A

STEROIDS; can make disease a lot worse

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17
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment
Goal

A

Treat underlying disease to keep Demodex at bay

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18
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment (broad)
Localized disease

A

Usually wait 1 month
90% will spontaneously resolve

If puppy need to wait and see if will develop generalized if planning to breed

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19
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment (Topical)
Localized disease

A

Topical treatment used to treat secondary bacterial pyoderma:
Chlorhexidine
Mupirocin ointment

Benzyl peroxide
Follicular flushing properties
Antibacterial/anti-staph

20
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment (Golden Rule)
Generalized

A

Treat one month beyond 2 negative skin scrapings, one month apart

Usually get a clinical cure before parasitologic cure

21
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment (#1 choice)
Generalized

A

Isoxazoline (flea and tick product); safe for herding dogs

Inhibits GABA and glutamate gated chloride channels

Treat for a minimum of 3 months

22
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment-Name Brands
Generalized

A 
Isoxazolines:
Bravecto
Simparica
Nexgard
Credelio
23
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment: Amitraz/Mitaban
Generalized

A

Weekly Dips-has to drip dry
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor and Prostaglandin inhibitor

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist so can cause sedation (Antisdedan if too many side effects)

Unknown MOA

24
Q

Canine demodicosis
Treatment: Ivermectin
Generalized

A

Not a licensed/approved treatment; not as effective as Isoxazoline class

Only use in dogs negative for heartworm disease; dosage is higher than Heartgard dose

25
Q

Canine demodicosis

Monitoring treatment

A

Monthly skin scrapings:
Evaluate live:dead mites, immature:mature, eggs

Evaluate dog

Usually requires 3 months of treatment

Treat ONE MONTH BEYOND 2 negative skin scrapings, one month apart

26
Q

Canine demodicosis

All possible treatments

A

Wait a month to see if it resolves (if puppy)
Isoxazoline
Amitraz (Mitaban)
Ivermectin

27
Q

Canine demodicosis

Clinical Cure

A

Cured if no clinical signs and mites are found 1 year after discontinuing treatment

28
Q

Canine demodicosis
Demodex injai
Clinical signs

A

Long bodied mite
Follicular mite that also lives in sebaceous glands
Usually occurs/found along dorsum
Seborrhea oleosa (greasy dermatitis)

29
Q

Canine demodicosis
Demodex injai
Treatment

A

Same as D. canis

Isoxazolines

30
Q

Canine demodicosis

Demodex cornei

A

Short-bodied mite
Can be pruritic
Treat like D. canis (Isoxazolines)

31
Q

Feline demodicosis

Species

A

Demodex cati

32
Q

Feline demodicosis

Background

A

Follicular mite similar to D. canis
Rare
Non-contagious
Not considered to be pruritic but can be

33
Q

Feline demodicosis

Types

A

Localized

Generalized (rare)

34
Q

Feline demodicosis

Localized background

A

Most cases

Self-limiting

35
Q

Feline demodicosis
Localized
Lesions

A

1 to 6 small areas (patchy)

36
Q

Feline demodicosis

Pathogenesis

A 
Look for underlying disease/immune-suppression:
Drugs
Diabetes
FeLV/FIV 
SCC
37
Q

Feline demodicosis

Clinical Signs

A 
Alopecia 
Erythema
Scaling
Crust
Ceruminous otitis
May get miliary dermatitis
38
Q

Feline demodicosis

Location

A 
Eyelids
Periocular area
Head
Neck
Ear canals
Trunk
Limbs
39
Q

Feline demodicosis

Diagnosis

A

Deep skin scraping

Also rule out underlying disease (drugs, diabetes, FeLV, etc.)

40
Q

Feline demodicosis

Treatment

A

May be self-limiting
Isoxazolines
Lime-sulfur weekly dips until 1 month free

41
Q

Feline demodicosis

Demodex gatoi background

A 
Contagious!
Highly pruritic (most of the time)

Very small mite that lives on the surface (stratum corneum)

42
Q

Feline demodicosis
Demodex gatoi
Clinical lesions

A

Alopecia (excorations)

Erythema

43
Q

Feline demodicosis
Demodex gatoi
DfDx

A

Allergies
Psychogenic alopecia
Feline scabies

44
Q

Feline demodicosis
Demodex gatoi
Diagnosis

A

Broad superficial skin scrapings on 10X power

Fecal float; low yield but possible

45
Q

Feline demodicosis
Demodex gatoi
Treatment

A

Difficult to treat

Historically: Lime sulfur weekly dips

Will have to treat all cats in household

Dermatology (13 decks)

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