Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience > Feeding > Flashcards

Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

Unlearned and learned components of feeding regulation

A

some commonents of feeding are innate, like suckling, others we learn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What elicits eating behaviors?

A

sensory experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Motivation types for eating

A
  • motivation reigns supreme for eating/drinking
  • “do i want the food” (incentive motivation) vs “do i need the food”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pleasure driven motivation components

A
  • incentive motivation
  • flavors, reward, hedonic tone (ability to feel pleasure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homeostasis driven motivation components

A
  • Do I need the food?
  • glucose levels, proteins, fats, salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is homestasis and what are some examples of it in the body?

A
  • Acheiving and maintaining physiological balance
  • Energy, water, temperature, oxygenation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another way to describe homeostasis?

A
  • maintaining the set point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does the body maintain the set point?

A
  • monitors physiological mechanism
  • includes blood glucose, body fat, salt levels, etc and compares to set point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What behaviors are encouraged if deficient in terms of homeostasis?

A
  • encourage seeking/feeding
  • big difference between a little hungry after class vs. extremely hungry/starving if you get lost while hiking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What behaviors encouraged to maintain set point when body is in surplus (in terms of homeostasis)?

A
  • suppress seeking/feeding
  • negative feedback regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are redundancies?

A
  • multiple mechanisms of maintaining homestasis so if something goes wrong, there are systems in place to compensate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three parts associated with thermoregulation?

A
  • Afferents: skin surface, body core, hypothalamus/PONeural
  • Neural regions: spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus/POA
  • Effectors: behavioral responses (shivering/heat seeking and avoiding behaviors) as well as autonomic responses (vasoconstricton/dilation, sweating, respiration, brown-fat stimulation, thyroid hormone secretion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does POA stand for and where is it located?

A

preoptic area of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thermoregulation

What do afferents do?

A
  • pick up info and send to neural regions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thermoregulation

Neural regions

A
  • goes to spinal cord, ascends to the brainstem, and into the hypothalamic area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effectors

A
  • behavioral: shivering and heat seeking/avoiding behaviors
  • autonomic: vasodilation/constriction, respiration, sweating, brown-fat stimulation, thyroid hormone secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thermoregulation

responses to cold

A
  • increased thyroid activity (thyroid hormone increases metabolism)
  • metabolism of brown fat
  • constriction of cutaneous blood vessels
  • shivering of muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thermoregulation

responses to heat

A
  • accelerated respiration
  • perspiration
  • dilation of cutaneous vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thermoregulation

What happens if the preoptic area of the thalamus is lessioned?

A
  • physiological responses are impaired, without disruption to behavior
  • inability for body to adapt/regulate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thermoregulation

What happens if you lesion the lateral hypothalamus?

A
  • abolishes behavioral regulation, but does not affect physiological responses such as shivering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is osmolality?

A
  • the number of particles (electrolytes/salts) per unit volume of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an isotonic salt solution?

A
  • for most mammals and humans: .9% NaCl
  • this is .9 grams NaCl in 100 mL of water
23
Q

hypertonic

A

more salt than an isotonic solution

24
Q

hypotonic

A

less salt than an isotonic solution

25
Q

How does water move/in out of cells?

A
  • osmosis
  • if salt added , water rushes in to dilute
  • if salt removed, water rushes out
26
Q

Circumventricular organs: Subfornical organ and Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

A
  • on the third ventricle
  • subfornical organ and OVLT is very important for monitoring thirst
  • sensitive to how salty the blood is, osmoreceptors
  • BBB very thin around the OVLT and SFO, allowing this parts of the brain to monitor very efficiently
27
Q

Osmotic thirst

A
  • extracellular compartment filled, but intracellular compartment does not have enough water
  • high salt concentration (too much!) in extracellular compartment causes water in intracellular compartment to leave (flows out of cells)
  • caused by regular water loss (respiration, persipiration, urine) or eating something salty
28
Q

What responds to salt levels?

A

osmoreceptors

29
Q

osmotic thirst from neuronal perspective

A
  • osmosensory neurons in hypothalamus- neurons have osmoreceptors
  • cells shrink based on water content, ion channels open, action potentials
  • triggers osmotic thirst
  • vasopressin release to reduce urination
  • neurons that directly initiate drinking behaviors are signaled
30
Q

What is hypovolemic thirst?

A
  • too little volume of extracellular fluid due to large water loss (vomiting, hermorrage, diarrhea)
  • lose water and salts
31
Q

Which type of thirst is characterized by salt and water loss?

A

hypovolemic

32
Q

What happens during hypovolemic thirst from a bio/hormone perspective?

A
  • blood pressure drops causing…
  • Baroreceptors (in blood vessels) signal to brain via autonomic nervous system and kidney
  • Renin (from kidneys), then angiotensis II (in blood)
  • vasopressin is released
  • hypovolemic thirst triggered (eat salty food and drink water)
  • reduces urination and increased blood pressure
33
Q

hypovolemia definition

A

reduced blood pressure

34
Q

What do baroreceptors measure?

A

blood pressure

35
Q

hypovolemic thirst process in order (off of diagram)

A
  • kidney baroreceptors-renin-angiotensin II
  • Subfornical organ
  • Preoptic area
  • hypothalamic thirst network-drinking
  • supraoptic nucleus/paraventricular nucleus- water conservation via vasopressin release
36
Q

Satiety- an anticipatory response

A
  • more satiety when water given through mouth/throat vs. stomach
  • when able to drink but water diverted via esophagus rats keep drinking
  • drinking is stopped in anticipation of correcting the extracellular volume and/or osmolality
  • the cessation of one signal alone will not stop thirst; this redundancy safeguards against dehydration.
37
Q
A
38
Q

short term energy storage

A
  • glycogen in muscles and liver
  • you can convert glycogen to glucose using glucagon
39
Q

how is long-term energy stored?

A

as adipose tissue

40
Q

Does insulin cause us to feel sated?Why?

A
  • low blood insulin leads to hunger
  • high blood insulin also leads to hunger since it causes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
41
Q

Do blood glucose levels cause us to feel sated?

A
  • no
  • people with untreated diabetes have high blood sugar levels, but are hungry
42
Q

What causes us to feel sated?

A

multiple hypothalamic systems

43
Q

What happens if you damage the Ventromedial hypothalamus?

A
  • hyperphagia (over eating)
  • a new set point that is higher
44
Q

What happens if you damage the lateral hypothalamus (LH)?

A
  • aphagia (inability to eat)
  • then new set point (lower set point)
45
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

Leptin

A
  • released by fat cells into blood, allow for monitoring of body energy reserves
  • without it rats keep eating and become obese
  • both excitatory and inhibitory
46
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

Insulin

A
  • released by pancreas into blood, allows for monitoring of blood glucose levels
  • inhibitory
47
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

Ghrelin

A
  • released by stomach into blood while fasting, appetite stimulant
  • excitatory
48
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

PYY(3-36)

A
  • released by intestines into blood while ingesting food, appetite suppressant
  • inhibitory
49
Q

hypothalamic circuits for feeding

What does the NST do? Where is it located?

A
  • the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the brainstem receives and integrates appetite signals from many sources, some via the vagus nerve
50
Q

hypothalamic circuits for feeding

What is the arcuate purpose?

A
  • hypothalamic mechanisms integrate appetite signals from the arcuate
51
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

Orexigenic neurons

A
  • of the lateral hypothalamus (LH)
  • act to increase appetite and food intake
52
Q

body “warns” hypothalamus ab nutrient surplus/deficiency

Anorexigenic neurons

A
  • of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) act to decrease appetite and feeding
53
Q

What does OVLT osmosensory neurons detect?

A
  • osmotic thirst (high solute concentration)
54
Q

What does the subfornical organ detect?

A
  • Angiotensin II (hypotvolemic thirst/low volume)

Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions