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Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 2 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 pt. 2 Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Horizontal plane

A
  • Rostral/Anterior/Front
  • Caudal/Posterior/Back
  • Curves from rostral to caudal
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2
Q

Saggital plane

A
  • Rostral
  • Caudal
  • Dorsal and Ventral
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3
Q

Coronal plane

A
  • looks like a face
  • Dorsal and ventral
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4
Q

front and back

A

anterior and posterior

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5
Q

top and bottom

A

dorsal and ventral

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6
Q

rostral and caudal

A

toward the head, toward the tail

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7
Q

middle and sides

A

medial and lateral

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8
Q

opposite sides and same side

A

contralateral and ipsilateral

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9
Q

far and close to the body

A

distal and proximal

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10
Q

What causes the blood brain barrier

A
  • Higher resistance in brain capillaries that restrics passage of large molecules
  • The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels are tightly bound with no gaps
  • Very small molecules can cross the blood brain barrier but it is overall very selective of what can get through
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11
Q

Circle of Willis

A
  • Structure formed by the major cerebral arteries
  • Where the major cerebral arteries are joined via communicating arteries
  • This joining may provide an alternate route for blood flow if any of the main arteries to the brain should be damaged/blocked
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12
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

occurs when a rupture in an artery allows blood to leak into the brain
-this means the artery cannot supply blood to the region it was intended to go to anymore
-this then means that the region cannot get nutrients, so there is not neural activity and the neurons will start to shut down

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13
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

occurs when a blood vessel gets blocked, clots, or other debris prevent blood from reaching a region of the brain, causing it to die due to neural shutdown from no nutrients

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14
Q

meninges layers in order

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater

meninges are multiple layers that we find surrounding our brain that protect it well

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15
Q

dura mater

A

thin but super tough, leatherly, cannot penetrate easily

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16
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

webby substance that creates a reservoir called the subarachnoid space that suspends the brain in a bath of CSF

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17
Q

pia mater

A

touches and encapsulates the brain completely, wrapping the brain and digging into the grooves

delicate

18
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • help distribute the cerebrospinal fluid everywhere
  • line all of the meninges
  • Forms the lining of ventricles
  • Ependymal cells secrete cerebrospinal fluid- distibute it but do not create it
19
Q

Ventricles

A
  • Where CSF is made and stored
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • 1 dead center (3rd ventricle)
  • 1 near the brain stem (4th ventricle) that sends CSF to the spinal cord
20
Q

Choroid plexus

A
  • Creates/produces cerebrospinal fluid by filtering blood
  • membrane that lines the ventricles (not the meninges)
21
Q

Peripheral nervous system parts

A
  • all parts of the nervous system found outside the skull and the spinal column
  • includes autonomic NS (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and the enteric NS… and the somatic nervous system
22
Q

Autonomic NS

A
  • involuntary, takes place without conscious thought, almost automatic
  • Consists of many ganglia (bundles of neurons) that are distributed all over the body including the visceral organs that somewhat independently influence visceral organs
  • Divides into the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
23
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • fight or flight
  • Norepinephrine mostly governs this
  • Increases your heart rate- “adrenaline rush”
24
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • relaxes you
  • acetylcholine governs this
25
Q

Enteric NS

A

Gut/Digestive control
-governed by acetylcholine but there are other aspects as well

26
Q

Somatic NS

A
  • voluntary movements
  • Nerves from your sense organs get set to the CNS to feed your brain info about what is going on around your body
  • Consists of nerves from the CNS to the skeletal muscles allowing you to move your body willingly
  • Info goes both from sense info to the brain and also from motor action from brain to motor muscles
  • PNS-CNS-PNS
  • Nerves include axons traveling to the CNS from eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose, muscles
27
Q

Central nervous system functions

A
  • Responsible for senses (vision, audition, olfaction, touch, and taste)
  • Initiates movement of your muscles
  • Affects attention, cognition, perception, thought, affect, and mood
  • Responsible for other automatic life-essential functions like breathing, hunger regulation, thermoregulation, pain regulation, and circadian rhythm

functions become less automatic and more complex as you move from caudal to rostral of the CNS

28
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

top part of the brain where all the groves are

29
Q

basal ganglia

A

found in the middle of the brain, group of brain areas put together

30
Q

thalamus

A

relay station, all info goes to thalamus first

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

sits below the thalamus
invloved in breathing, hunger, thermoregulation, etc

32
Q

Brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla
-invloved in involuntary things

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

Allows you to balance

34
Q

spinal cord

cervical

A

neck

35
Q

spinal cord

Thoracic

A

trunk, lungs area

36
Q

spinal cord

Lumbar

A

lower back

37
Q

spinal cord

Sacra;

A

pelvic area

38
Q

spinal cord

Coccygeal

A

bottom/tailbone

39
Q

meninges and spinal cord

A

meninges protect and cover the spinal cord, spinal cord is also suspended in CSF

40
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A
  • ganglion=bundle of neurons that exit and enter the CNS and contact the PNS
  • take the information from the skin to the spinal cord; responsible for incoming sensory info
  • located posterior to ventral root
41
Q

Ventral root ganglion

A

cell bodies are in the ventral horn and send axons to the effector muscles, makes the muscles move
-anterior to dorsal root

Psyc 362- Behavioral Neuroscience (24 decks)

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