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FDN2 by Minnie > FDN2_SM_BodyWall+Cavity > Flashcards

FDN2_SM_BodyWall+Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the body wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia
  3. Skeletal Muscle/Associated investing fascia
  4. Celomic lining
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2
Q

What is celomic lining in the thorax called?

A

Parietal pleura

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3
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

The celomic lining in the thorax

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4
Q

What is visceral pleura?

A

Part of the celomic lining that directly adheres to each lung

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5
Q

What is investing fascia over muscle called?

A

Epimysium

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6
Q

What is investing fascia over bone called?

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

What is investing fascia in the thoracic cavity (deep to the ribs) called?

A

Endothoracic fascia

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8
Q

What are epaxial muscles?

A

Back muscles (part of the typcial body segment)

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9
Q

What are hypaxial muscles?

A

Muscles that extend aroudn the celom and form the body wall

Organized into 3 concentric layers

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10
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of hypaxial muscles, as they present in the thorax?

Which direction do they go?

A

External intercostal muscles \//

Internal intercostal muscles //\

Transversus muscles (innermost intercostal + transversus thoracis) //\ (similar to intercostal muscles)

Note: Transversus thoracis is deep to the innermost intercostal muscles

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11
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of hypaxial muscles, as they present in the abodomen?

Which direction do they go?

A

External abdominal oblique \//

Internal abdominal oblique //\

Transverse abdominis ==

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12
Q

How is the rectus layer of muscle different in the abdomen and thorax?

A

Abdomen: || (form the 6-pack)

Thorax: absent or vestigial

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13
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Elevate ribs in forced inspiration

Maintain rigidity of intercostal space

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14
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Depress ribs in forced expiration

Maintain rigidity of the intercostal space

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15
Q

Where does innervation of the external intercostal muscles come from?

A

Ventral rami

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the rectus abdominus?

A

Flexes the trunk (like when you do a sit-up)

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17
Q

What is the function of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Both sides together flex the trunk

Lateral bend and flex

Rotation to the opposite side of the contracting muscle

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18
Q

What is the function of the internal abominal oblique?

A

Both sides together flex the trunk

Bend or rotate to the same side as the contracting muscle

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19
Q

What is the function of the transverse abdominis?

A

Compress abdominal viscera

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20
Q

What is the neuromuscular bundle?

Where is it found?

A

The intercostal nerve, artery, and vein that belong to each intercostal space

The bundle sits in the costal groove, which is sheltered by the distal edge of the upper rib of the intercostal space

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21
Q

When you need to access the parietal pleura, why would you insert the needle just above the rib inferior to the intercostal space?

A

You want to avoid the neuromuscular bundle, which is associated with the rib superior to the intercostal space

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22
Q

What are the relevant components of the intercostal space?

A

Boundaries: upper and lower rib

3 concentric layers of muscle (external, internal, innermost)

Each space is associate with a neuromuscular bundle (intercostal nerve, vein, artery)

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23
Q

Describe the path of an intercostal nerve

A

The intercostal nerve is a spinal nerve

Presynaptic: in CNS

Synapse: in sympathetic trunk

Postsynaptic: Leaves trunk, follows ventral ramus, innervates muscles in the thoracic body wall

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24
Q

Between which two layers of muscle would you find an intercostal nerve?

A

Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

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25
Q

What are the components of a typical body segment? (10 things)

A

Spinal cord

Vertabra

Dorsal Ramus

Ventral Ramus

Cutaneous nerves

Intercostal nerve

Epaxial (back) and Hypaxial (celomic) muscles

Celomic cavity (pleural or peritoneal)

Gut

Associated blood vessles

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26
Q

Which layers make up the superficial body wall?

A

Skin, fat, superficial fascia

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27
Q

Which nerves carry sensory information from the breast to the brain?

A

Anterior cutaneous nerves

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28
Q

What is the muscle immediately deep to the breast?

A

Pectoralis major

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29
Q

What is the function of the celom?

A

It allows for mobility of the organs inside of the body and the organism itself

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30
Q

How does the pericardial cavity form?

A

Pleurocardial folds unit behind the heart to form the fibrous pericardium.

This separates the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity

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31
Q

What is inside of the pleural cavity?

A

Serous fluid

(The lungs are pressed against the pleural cavity, but not inside of it!)

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32
Q

Describe the layers of coelom covering the heart

A

From superficial to deep:

Fibrous pericardium (outside of the pericardial sac)

Parietal serous pericardium

Visceral serous pericardium aka epicardium

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33
Q

Where does the visceral layer of coelom come from?

A

Splanchnopleure, which is derived from the lateral plate

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34
Q

Where does the parietal layer of coelom come from?

A

Somatopleure, which comes from the lateral plate

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35
Q

Describe the innervation of the parietal coelom

A

Somatosensory neurons (sharp pain sensation!)

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36
Q

Describe the innervation of the visceral coelom

A

Visceral sensory neurons

We don’t feel localized or sharp pain in this layer

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37
Q

How does the coelom form?

A

The intraembryonic coelom forms as a cavitation in the mesoderm that separates the somatopleure and the splanchnopleure

After the trilaminar disc becomes a cylinder, organs grow and push against it, shaping it into its eventual adult form

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38
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The area between the two lungs that contains the heart, part of the trachea and esophagus, thymus gland, nerves, the great vessels, and lymph nodes

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39
Q

In a pneumothorax, where does air accumulate?

A

In the pleural cavity

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40
Q

If food “goes down the wrong tube,” which side does it go down? Why?

A

Right; the heart kind of pushes it that way

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41
Q

What structures are contained in the root of the lung?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins, primary bronchi, bronchial arteries, pulmonary nerve plexus and lymphatics

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42
Q

What is the name for the place on the lung where there root enters?

A

Hilum

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43
Q

Describe the path of the phrenic nerve

A

The prhenic nerve is a somatic nerve

Cell body: in the brain

Path out of the CNS: Ventral Rami of C3-5

The right and left phrenic nerves travel anterior to the root of the lung, between the mediastinum and the mediastinal pleura to the diaphragm.

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44
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Right (lower arrow) and left (upper arrow) phrenic nerves

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45
Q

What does it mean when they say that the pleural cavity is a “potential space?”

A

There is normally nothing inside of it except for a thin film of serous fluid

For it to become an actual space, the surface tension between visceral and parietal pleura must be broken for the membranes to separate

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46
Q

What is the structure labeled by #1?

A

The apex of the lung

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47
Q

What is the structure labeled by #2?

A

Superior Lobe

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48
Q

What is the structure labeled by #3?

A

Horizontal fissure

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49
Q

What is the structure labeled by #4?

A

Middle lobe

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50
Q

What is the structure labeled by #5?

A

Oblique fissure

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51
Q

What is the structure labeled by #6?

A

Inferior lobe

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52
Q

What structure is this?

A

Right lung

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53
Q

What structure is this?

A

Left Lung

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54
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Apex

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55
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Superior Lobe

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56
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Oblique Fissure

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57
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Inferior Lobe

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58
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Lingula

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59
Q

What structure is labeled by #6?

A

Cardiac Notch

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60
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Mediastinal pleura

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61
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Costal Pleura

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62
Q

What type of pleura is labeled by #3?

A

Visceral plerua

63
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Mediastinum (the pericardial sac is inside)

64
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Diaphragmatic Pleura

65
Q

What space is labeled by #6?

A

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

66
Q

If #7 were pointing ot a space, what space would it be?

A

Costomediastinal Recess

67
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Left Phrenic Nerve

68
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

69
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

70
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Left Vagus Nerve

71
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Cervical Pleura

72
Q

What structure is labeled by #6?

A

Left Brachiocephalic Vein

73
Q

What structure is labeled by #7?

A

Left Subclavian vein

74
Q

What structure is labeled by #8?

A

Left Phrenic Nerve

75
Q

What structure is labeled by #9?

A

Left Internal Jugular Vein

76
Q

What structure is labeled by #10?

A

Esophagus

77
Q

What structure is labeled by #11?

A

Trachea

78
Q

What structure is labeled by #12?

A

Right Internal Jugular Vein

79
Q

What structure is labeled by #13?

A

Right Phrenic Nerve

80
Q

What structure is labeled by #14?

A

Right Subclavian Vein

81
Q

What structure is labeled by #15?

A

Right Vagus Nerve

82
Q

What structure is labeled by #16?

A

Right Brachiocephalic Vein

83
Q

What structure is labeled by #17?

A

Superior Vena Cava

84
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Ascending Aorta

85
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

86
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Left Common Carotid Artery

87
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Left Subclavian Artery

88
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Aortic Arch

89
Q

What structure is labeled by #6?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

90
Q

What structure is labeled by #7?

A

Descending Aorta

91
Q

What structure is labeled by #8?

A

Left Pulmonary Artery

92
Q

What structure is labeled by #9?

A

Pulmonary Trunk

93
Q

What structure is labeled by #10?

A

Left Atrium

94
Q

What structure is labeled by #11?

A

Left Ventricle

95
Q

What structure is labeled by #12?

A

Right Ventricle

96
Q

What structure is labeled by #13?

A

Right Atrium

97
Q

What structure is labeled by #14?

A

Superior Vena Cava

98
Q

Which structure is the red arrow pointing to?

A

Pulmonary Trunk

99
Q

Which structure is the blue arrow pointing to?

A

Aorta

100
Q

Which structure is the green arrow pointing to?

A

Superior Vena Cava

101
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Serous Parietal Pericardium

102
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Mediastinal Pleura

103
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Diaphragm

104
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Serous Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)

105
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

106
Q

What structure is labeled by #6?

A

Superior Vena Cava

107
Q

What structure is labeled by #7?

A

Aortic Arch

108
Q

What is the name of the colored structure as a whole?

A

Pericardial Sac

109
Q

What structure is labeled by #1?

A

Trachea

110
Q

What structure is labeled by #2?

A

Superior Vena Cava

111
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Right Phrenic Nerve

112
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

Pericardial Sac

113
Q

What structure is labeled by #5?

A

Diaphragm

114
Q

What structure is labeled by #6?

A

Intercostal Muscles

115
Q

What structure is labeled by #7?

A

Neurovascular Bundle

(contains intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve)

116
Q

What structure is labeled by #8?

A

Costal Pleura

117
Q

What structure is labeled by #9?

A

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

118
Q

What structure is labeled by #10?

A

Esophagus

119
Q

What structure is labeled by #11?

A

Splanchnic Nerves

120
Q

What structure is labeled by #12?

A

Sympathetic Trunk aka Sympathetic Chain

(specifically a ganglion)

121
Q

What structure is labeled by #13?

A

Right Vagus Nerve

122
Q

What specific structure is labeled by #1?

A

Jugular Notch

123
Q

What specific structure is labeled by #2?

A

Manubrium

124
Q

What specific structure is labeled by #3?

A

Sternal Angle

125
Q

What specific structure is labeled by #4?

A

Body

126
Q

What specific structure is labeled by #5?

A

Xiphoid Process

127
Q

As a whole, what is the main bone in this picture?

A

Sternum

128
Q

What structures are labeled by #1?

A

Cooper’s (aka Suspensory) Ligaments

129
Q

What kind of tissue is labeled by #2?

A

Glandular tissue

(epithelial)

130
Q

What structure is labeled by #3?

A

Nipple

131
Q

What structure is labeled by #4?

A

a Lactiferous Duct

132
Q

What kind of tissue is labeled by #5?

A

Connective Tissue

(Intrerlobular connective tissue)

133
Q

What layer is labeled by #6?

A

Superficial Fascia

134
Q

What structue is labeled by #7?

A

Pectoralis Major

135
Q

What structures are labeled by #8?

A

Intercostal Muscles

136
Q

What structure is labeled by #9?

A

Pectoralis Minor

137
Q

What is the structure labeled by #1?

A

Innermost Intercostal Muscle

138
Q

What is the structure labeled by #3?

A

Parietal Pleura

(Costal Pleura)

139
Q

What is the structure labeled by #4?

A

Internal Intercostal Muscle

140
Q

What is the structure labeled by #5?

A

External Intercostal Muscle

141
Q

What is the structure labeled by #6?

A

Serratus Anterior

142
Q

What are the structures labeled by #7?

A

Internal thoracic veins

143
Q

What is the structure labeled by #8?

A

Anterior Intercostal Vein

144
Q

What is the structure labeled by #9?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

145
Q

What structure is labeled #1?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Right Subclavian Artery

146
Q

What structure is labeled #2?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Brachiocephalic Vein

147
Q

What structure is labeled #3?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Internal Thoracic Vein

148
Q

What structure is labeled #4?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

149
Q

What structure is labeled #5?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Transversus Thoracis

150
Q

What structure is labeled #6?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Xiphoid Process of the Sternum

151
Q

What structure is labeled #7?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Transversus Abdominus

152
Q

What structure is labeled #8?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Diaphragm

153
Q

What structure is labeled #9?

(View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)

A

Body of the Sternum

FDN2 by Minnie (14 decks)

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