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FDN2 > FDN2_SM_BodyWall+Cavity > Flashcards

FDN2_SM_BodyWall+Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the body wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia
  3. Skeletal Muscle/Associated investing fascia
  4. Celomic lining
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2
Q

What is celomic lining in the thorax called?

A

Parietal pleura

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3
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

The celomic lining in the thorax

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4
Q

What is visceral pleura?

A

Part of the celomic lining that directly adheres to each lung

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5
Q

What is investing fascia over muscle called?

A

Epimysium

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6
Q

What is investing fascia over bone called?

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

What is investing fascia in the thoracic cavity (deep to the ribs) called?

A

Endothoracic fascia

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8
Q

What are epaxial muscles?

A

Back muscles (part of the typcial body segment)

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9
Q

What are hypaxial muscles?

A

Muscles that extend aroudn the celom and form the body wall

Organized into 3 concentric layers

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10
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of hypaxial muscles, as they present in the thorax?

Which direction do they go?

A

External intercostal muscles \//

Internal intercostal muscles //\

Transversus muscles (innermost intercostal + transversus thoracis) //\ (similar to intercostal muscles)

Note: Transversus thoracis is deep to the innermost intercostal muscles

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11
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of hypaxial muscles, as they present in the abodomen?

Which direction do they go?

A

External abdominal oblique \//

Internal abdominal oblique //\

Transverse abdominis ==

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12
Q

How is the rectus layer of muscle different in the abdomen and thorax?

A

Abdomen: || (form the 6-pack)

Thorax: absent or vestigial

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13
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Elevate ribs in forced inspiration

Maintain rigidity of intercostal space

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14
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Depress ribs in forced expiration

Maintain rigidity of the intercostal space

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15
Q

Where does innervation of the external intercostal muscles come from?

A

Ventral rami

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the rectus abdominus?

A

Flexes the trunk (like when you do a sit-up)

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17
Q

What is the function of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Both sides together flex the trunk

Lateral bend and flex

Rotation to the opposite side of the contracting muscle

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18
Q

What is the function of the internal abominal oblique?

A

Both sides together flex the trunk

Bend or rotate to the same side as the contracting muscle

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19
Q

What is the function of the transverse abdominis?

A

Compress abdominal viscera

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20
Q

What is the neuromuscular bundle?

Where is it found?

A

The intercostal nerve, artery, and vein that belong to each intercostal space

The bundle sits in the costal groove, which is sheltered by the distal edge of the upper rib of the intercostal space

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21
Q

When you need to access the parietal pleura, why would you insert the needle just above the rib inferior to the intercostal space?

A

You want to avoid the neuromuscular bundle, which is associated with the rib superior to the intercostal space

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22
Q

What are the relevant components of the intercostal space?

A

Boundaries: upper and lower rib

3 concentric layers of muscle (external, internal, innermost)

Each space is associate with a neuromuscular bundle (intercostal nerve, vein, artery)

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23
Q

Describe the path of an intercostal nerve

A

The intercostal nerve is a spinal nerve

Presynaptic: in CNS

Synapse: in sympathetic trunk

Postsynaptic: Leaves trunk, follows ventral ramus, innervates muscles in the thoracic body wall

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24
Q

Between which two layers of muscle would you find an intercostal nerve?

A

Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

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25
What are the components of a typical body segment? (10 things)
Spinal cord Vertabra Dorsal Ramus Ventral Ramus Cutaneous nerves Intercostal nerve Epaxial (back) and Hypaxial (celomic) muscles Celomic cavity (pleural or peritoneal) Gut Associated blood vessles
26
Which layers make up the superficial body wall?
Skin, fat, superficial fascia
27
Which nerves carry sensory information from the breast to the brain?
Anterior cutaneous nerves
28
What is the muscle immediately deep to the breast?
Pectoralis major
29
What is the function of the celom?
It allows for mobility of the organs inside of the body and the organism itself
30
How does the pericardial cavity form?
Pleurocardial folds unit behind the heart to form the fibrous pericardium. This separates the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity
31
What is inside of the pleural cavity?
Serous fluid (The lungs are pressed *against* the pleural cavity, but not inside of it!)
32
Describe the layers of coelom covering the heart
From superficial to deep: Fibrous pericardium (outside of the pericardial sac) Parietal serous pericardium Visceral serous pericardium aka epicardium
33
Where does the visceral layer of coelom come from?
Splanchnopleure, which is derived from the lateral plate
34
Where does the parietal layer of coelom come from?
Somatopleure, which comes from the lateral plate
35
Describe the innervation of the parietal coelom
Somatosensory neurons (sharp pain sensation!)
36
Describe the innervation of the visceral coelom
Visceral sensory neurons We don't feel localized or sharp pain in this layer
37
How does the coelom form?
The intraembryonic coelom forms as a cavitation in the mesoderm that separates the somatopleure and the splanchnopleure After the trilaminar disc becomes a cylinder, organs grow and push against it, shaping it into its eventual adult form
38
What is the mediastinum?
The area between the two lungs that contains the heart, part of the trachea and esophagus, thymus gland, nerves, the great vessels, and lymph nodes
39
In a pneumothorax, where does air accumulate?
In the pleural cavity
40
If food "goes down the wrong tube," which side does it go down? Why?
Right; the heart kind of pushes it that way
41
What structures are contained in the root of the lung?
Pulmonary arteries and veins, primary bronchi, bronchial arteries, pulmonary nerve plexus and lymphatics
42
What is the name for the place on the lung where there root enters?
Hilum
43
Describe the path of the phrenic nerve
The prhenic nerve is a somatic nerve Cell body: in the brain Path out of the CNS: Ventral Rami of C3-5 The right and left phrenic nerves travel **anterior** to the root of the lung, between the mediastinum and the mediastinal pleura to the **diaphragm.**
44
What are the arrows pointing to?
Right (lower arrow) and left (upper arrow) **phrenic nerves**
45
What does it mean when they say that the pleural cavity is a **"potential space?"**
There is normally nothing inside of it except for a thin film of serous fluid For it to become an actual space, the surface tension between visceral and parietal pleura must be broken for the membranes to separate
46
What is the structure labeled by #1?
The apex of the lung
47
What is the structure labeled by #2?
Superior Lobe
48
What is the structure labeled by #3?
Horizontal fissure
49
What is the structure labeled by #4?
Middle lobe
50
What is the structure labeled by #5?
Oblique fissure
51
What is the structure labeled by #6?
Inferior lobe
52
What structure is this?
Right lung
53
What structure is this?
Left Lung
54
What structure is labeled by #1?
Apex
55
What structure is labeled by #2?
Superior Lobe
56
What structure is labeled by #3?
Oblique Fissure
57
What structure is labeled by #4?
Inferior Lobe
58
What structure is labeled by #5?
Lingula
59
What structure is labeled by #6?
Cardiac Notch
60
What structure is labeled by #1?
Mediastinal pleura
61
What structure is labeled by #2?
Costal Pleura
62
What type of pleura is labeled by #3?
Visceral plerua
63
What structure is labeled by #4?
Mediastinum (the pericardial sac is inside)
64
What structure is labeled by #5?
Diaphragmatic Pleura
65
What space is labeled by #6?
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
66
If #7 were pointing ot a space, what space would it be?
Costomediastinal Recess
67
What structure is labeled by #1?
Left Phrenic Nerve
68
What structure is labeled by #2?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
69
What structure is labeled by #3?
Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
70
What structure is labeled by #4?
Left Vagus Nerve
71
What structure is labeled by #5?
Cervical Pleura
72
What structure is labeled by #6?
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
73
What structure is labeled by #7?
Left Subclavian vein
74
What structure is labeled by #8?
Left Phrenic Nerve
75
What structure is labeled by #9?
Left Internal Jugular Vein
76
What structure is labeled by #10?
Esophagus
77
What structure is labeled by #11?
Trachea
78
What structure is labeled by #12?
Right Internal Jugular Vein
79
What structure is labeled by #13?
Right Phrenic Nerve
80
What structure is labeled by #14?
Right Subclavian Vein
81
What structure is labeled by #15?
Right Vagus Nerve
82
What structure is labeled by #16?
Right Brachiocephalic Vein
83
What structure is labeled by #17?
Superior Vena Cava
84
What structure is labeled by #1?
Ascending Aorta
85
What structure is labeled by #2?
Brachiocephalic Trunk
86
What structure is labeled by #3?
Left Common Carotid Artery
87
What structure is labeled by #4?
Left Subclavian Artery
88
What structure is labeled by #5?
Aortic Arch
89
What structure is labeled by #6?
Ligamentum Arteriosum
90
What structure is labeled by #7?
Descending Aorta
91
What structure is labeled by #8?
Left Pulmonary Artery
92
What structure is labeled by #9?
Pulmonary Trunk
93
What structure is labeled by #10?
Left Atrium
94
What structure is labeled by #11?
Left Ventricle
95
What structure is labeled by #12?
Right Ventricle
96
What structure is labeled by #13?
Right Atrium
97
What structure is labeled by #14?
Superior Vena Cava
98
Which structure is the red arrow pointing to?
Pulmonary Trunk
99
Which structure is the blue arrow pointing to?
Aorta
100
Which structure is the green arrow pointing to?
Superior Vena Cava
101
What structure is labeled by #1?
Serous Parietal Pericardium
102
What structure is labeled by #2?
Mediastinal Pleura
103
What structure is labeled by #3?
Diaphragm
104
What structure is labeled by #4?
Serous Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
105
What structure is labeled by #5?
Fibrous Pericardium
106
What structure is labeled by #6?
Superior Vena Cava
107
What structure is labeled by #7?
Aortic Arch
108
What is the name of the colored structure as a whole?
Pericardial Sac
109
What structure is labeled by #1?
Trachea
110
What structure is labeled by #2?
Superior Vena Cava
111
What structure is labeled by #3?
Right Phrenic Nerve
112
What structure is labeled by #4?
Pericardial Sac
113
What structure is labeled by #5?
Diaphragm
114
What structure is labeled by #6?
Intercostal Muscles
115
What structure is labeled by #7?
Neurovascular Bundle | (contains intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve)
116
What structure is labeled by #8?
Costal Pleura
117
What structure is labeled by #9?
Greater Splanchnic Nerve
118
What structure is labeled by #10?
Esophagus
119
What structure is labeled by #11?
Splanchnic Nerves
120
What structure is labeled by #12?
Sympathetic Trunk aka Sympathetic Chain | (specifically a ganglion)
121
What structure is labeled by #13?
Right Vagus Nerve
122
What specific structure is labeled by #1?
Jugular Notch
123
What specific structure is labeled by #2?
Manubrium
124
What specific structure is labeled by #3?
Sternal Angle
125
What specific structure is labeled by #4?
Body
126
What specific structure is labeled by #5?
Xiphoid Process
127
As a whole, what is the main bone in this picture?
Sternum
128
What structures are labeled by #1?
Cooper's (aka Suspensory) Ligaments
129
What kind of tissue is labeled by #2?
Glandular tissue | (epithelial)
130
What structure is labeled by #3?
Nipple
131
What structure is labeled by #4?
a Lactiferous Duct
132
What kind of tissue is labeled by #5?
Connective Tissue | (Intrerlobular connective tissue)
133
What layer is labeled by #6?
Superficial Fascia
134
What structue is labeled by #7?
Pectoralis Major
135
What structures are labeled by #8?
Intercostal Muscles
136
What structure is labeled by #9?
Pectoralis Minor
137
What is the structure labeled by #1?
Innermost Intercostal Muscle
138
What is the structure labeled by #3?
Parietal Pleura | (Costal Pleura)
139
What is the structure labeled by #4?
Internal Intercostal Muscle
140
What is the structure labeled by #5?
External Intercostal Muscle
141
What is the structure labeled by #6?
Serratus Anterior
142
What are the structures labeled by #7?
Internal thoracic veins
143
What is the structure labeled by #8?
Anterior Intercostal Vein
144
What is the structure labeled by #9?
Internal Thoracic Artery
145
What structure is labeled #1? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Right Subclavian Artery
146
What structure is labeled #2? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Brachiocephalic Vein
147
What structure is labeled #3? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Internal Thoracic Vein
148
What structure is labeled #4? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Internal Thoracic Artery
149
What structure is labeled #5? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Transversus Thoracis
150
What structure is labeled #6? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Xiphoid Process of the Sternum
151
What structure is labeled #7? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Transversus Abdominus
152
What structure is labeled #8? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Diaphragm
153
What structure is labeled #9? (View: imagine a camera where the heart is looking at the body wall)
Body of the Sternum

FDN2 (14 decks)

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