Fatty acid anabolism

Question 1

Fattty acid synthesis beings with the _____ of ____ in the ______

Answer 1

carboxylation, acetyl-CoA, cytosol

Question 2

Fatty acid synthase ____ seven separate reactions to ____ a fattty acid by ____

Answer 2

catalyzes,extend,two carbons

Question 3

____ and _____ modify newly synthesized fatty acids

Answer 3

Elongases, Desaturases

Question 4

_____ contribute to the regulation of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 4

Various Metabolites

Question 5

_____ converts acetyl-CoA to small _____

Answer 5

Ketogenesis, soluble ketone bodies

Question 6

Metabolic regulation requires ____ synthesis and ____ proceeds through distinct chemistry in a different location

Answer 6

fatty acid, degradation

Question 7

Acyl chains are carried by _____ in fatty acid oxidation

Answer 7

CoA

Question 8

Acyl chains are carried by ____ in fatty acid synthesis

Answer 8

acyl-carrier protein

Question 9

_____ catalyzes the first step of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 9

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 10

Biotin (_____) cofactor on the enzyme is ____ (similar mechanism as pyruvate carboxylase)

Answer 10

Vitamin H, carboxylated

Question 11

_____ group is transferred to acetyl Co-A

Answer 11

Carboxyl

Question 12

Acetyl groups move into the cytosol as ____

Answer 12

Citrate

Question 13

Fatty acid synthesis begins with ____reactions

Answer 13

two transacylation

Question 14

The two-carbon acetyl group that will be lengthened is transferred from___ to a ___ side chain of fatty acid synthase

Answer 14

CoA, Cys

Question 15

The _____ that will donate an acetyl group to the ______ is transferred from CoA to the ACP domain of the enzyme

Answer 15

malonyl group, growing fatty acid chain

Question 16

Two products are condensed: ____ + ____ to _____

Answer 16

Malonyl-ACP, Acetyl-Cys, Acetoacetyl-ACP

Question 17

Following formation of ACP-acetoacetyl, the _____ is extended ____ at a time with additional _____

Answer 17

fatty acid chain, two carbons, acetyl, CoA

Question 18

The final full length fatty acid is cleaved from ACP by a _____hydrolysis

Answer 18

thiolase catalyzed

Question 19

Additional enzymes process the ____

Answer 19

Fatty acid chain

Question 20

Acetyl-CoA can also form ____

Answer 20

Ketone bodies

Question 21

The brain primarily uses ____ as an energy source

Answer 21

glucose

Question 22

When glucose is unavailable, the brain can metabolize _____which are formed from acyl-CoA in liver ___ (ketogenesis)

Answer 22

Ketone bodies, mitochondria

Question 23

____ and ____ interconversion is reversible

Answer 23

3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate

Question 24

When there is a lot of citrate, fatty acid synthase is _____

Answer 24

activated

Question 25

When there is a lot of ____, acetyl-CoA—>Malonyl-CoA will be deactivated

Answer 25

fatty acid

Question 26

Once ____ is made, fatty acid synthesis is going to happen and the ____ transporter will be deactivated

Answer 26

Malonyl-CoA, cartinine

Question 27

In ketone body catabolism, _____ is oxidized back to ____

Answer 27

3-hydroxybuturate, acetoacetate, will not be tested in detail

Question 28

____ donates its CoA group to produce ____-CoA

Answer 28

Succinyl-CoA, acetoacetyl

Question 29

Thiolase then uses a _____ group to cleave the ____ carbon unit to two molecules of acetyl-CoA

Answer 29

free CoA, four