Fatty acid anabolism Flashcards
Fattty acid synthesis beings with the _____ of ____ in the ______
carboxylation, acetyl-CoA, cytosol
Fatty acid synthase ____ seven separate reactions to ____ a fattty acid by ____
catalyzes,extend,two carbons
____ and _____ modify newly synthesized fatty acids
Elongases, Desaturases
_____ contribute to the regulation of fatty acid synthesis
Various Metabolites
_____ converts acetyl-CoA to small _____
Ketogenesis, soluble ketone bodies
Metabolic regulation requires ____ synthesis and ____ proceeds through distinct chemistry in a different location
fatty acid, degradation
Acyl chains are carried by _____ in fatty acid oxidation
CoA
Acyl chains are carried by ____ in fatty acid synthesis
acyl-carrier protein
_____ catalyzes the first step of fatty acid synthesis
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Biotin (_____) cofactor on the enzyme is ____ (similar mechanism as pyruvate carboxylase)
Vitamin H, carboxylated
_____ group is transferred to acetyl Co-A
Carboxyl
Acetyl groups move into the cytosol as ____
Citrate
Fatty acid synthesis begins with ____reactions
two transacylation
The two-carbon acetyl group that will be lengthened is transferred from___ to a ___ side chain of fatty acid synthase
CoA, Cys
The _____ that will donate an acetyl group to the ______ is transferred from CoA to the ACP domain of the enzyme
malonyl group, growing fatty acid chain
Two products are condensed: ____ + ____ to _____
Malonyl-ACP, Acetyl-Cys, Acetoacetyl-ACP
Following formation of ACP-acetoacetyl, the _____ is extended ____ at a time with additional _____
fatty acid chain, two carbons, acetyl, CoA
The final full length fatty acid is cleaved from ACP by a _____hydrolysis
thiolase catalyzed
Additional enzymes process the ____
Fatty acid chain
Acetyl-CoA can also form ____
Ketone bodies
The brain primarily uses ____ as an energy source
glucose
When glucose is unavailable, the brain can metabolize _____which are formed from acyl-CoA in liver ___ (ketogenesis)
Ketone bodies, mitochondria
____ and ____ interconversion is reversible
3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate
When there is a lot of citrate, fatty acid synthase is _____
activated
When there is a lot of ____, acetyl-CoA—>Malonyl-CoA will be deactivated
fatty acid
Once ____ is made, fatty acid synthesis is going to happen and the ____ transporter will be deactivated
Malonyl-CoA, cartinine
In ketone body catabolism, _____ is oxidized back to ____
3-hydroxybuturate, acetoacetate, will not be tested in detail
____ donates its CoA group to produce ____-CoA
Succinyl-CoA, acetoacetyl
Thiolase then uses a _____ group to cleave the ____ carbon unit to two molecules of acetyl-CoA
free CoA, four
