Fat Metabolism

Question 1

What are the roles of Triacylglycerols and fatty acids?

Answer 1

Structural Element
• In all cell membranes

Energy
• 9 kcal per gram

Insulation
• reduces heat loss

Protection
• of internal organs

Transport carriers
• of fat soluble vitamins (i.e. A, D, E and K)

Question 2

What do fat chains consist of?

Answer 2

chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a carboxylic acid group at one end) bonded to a backbone structure, often glycerol

Question 3

What chains do saturated fat consist of?

Answer 3

Carry maximum number of hydrogen atoms

(carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen

Question 4

What are the 2 unsaturated fats?

Answer 4

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Question 5

What chain does Monounsaturated consist of?

Answer 5

One double bond with a neighbouring carbon

Question 6

What chain does

Polyunsaturated consist of?

Answer 6

More than one double bond

Question 7

What does omega 3 help with?

Answer 7

Helps support visual and cognitive development

– Most abundant in brain and retina

– Regulates cell activity and cardiovascular function

Question 8

What does omega 6 help with?

Answer 8

Supports brain development

– Stimulation of growth

– Maintenance of skin and hair growth

Question 9

What does vitamin A help with?

Answer 9

vision

reproduction

bone health

immune function,

skin

Question 10

What does vitamin D help with?

Answer 10

Strengthens bones

calcium absorption

immune system

Question 11

What does vitamin E help with?

Answer 11

Immune system

flushes toxins

Question 12

What does vitamin K help with?

Answer 12

Blood clotting

bone health

Question 13

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 13

A
D
E
K

Question 14

What are Lipoproteins?

Answer 14

•In order for cholesterol to travel through blood, it must attach itself to small fat-carrying proteins called lipoproteins.

The greater density of the Lipoprotein the more cholestrol

Question 15

. Following Beta Oxidation what do fatty acids form?

Answer 15

Acetyl co-A

Question 16

Acetyl co-A enters which cycle?

Answer 16

Krebs cycle

Question 17

What does the RER of 0.71 burn?

Answer 17

100% fat burn aerobic.

Question 18

What does 0.85 burn?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates & Fat

– Aerobic

Question 19

What does 1.00 burn?

Answer 19

100% Carbohydrates

– Anaerobic

Question 20

What prevents Fat metabolism?

Answer 20

When blood glucose increases =
insulin increases, which will ‘block’ the fatty acid metabolism.

Delivery of fatty acid to tissue is suppressed.

Therefore, switch to CHO metabolism.

Question 21

What are the main fuels used in exercise?

Answer 21

Carbohydrate (CHO) and fatty acids

Question 22

Approximately what is the crossover point between CHO

and Fat oxidation

Answer 22

50% VO2max

Question 23

What does training increase?

Answer 23

Training increases aerobic capacity

Training increases fat metabolism as RER is reduced

Question 24

What does bitter orange stimulate?

Answer 24

Thought to activates beta oxidation & appetite

suppression

Question 25

What does caffeine stimulate?

Answer 25

Thought to stimulate lipolysis

Question 26

What does green tea stimulate?

Answer 26

Thought to stimulate lipolysis, oxidative properties, maintain better glycaemic control after a glucose load

Question 27

What does Cartinine stimulate?

Answer 27

Believed to help transport of FA’s into mitochondria

Question 28

What impact does consuming low GI CHO prior to exercise have?

Answer 28

Increased fat oxidation

Question 29

Short Term high fat diets are shown to be effective at

improving endurance performance? True/False?

Answer 29

True: but not enough evidence at present

Question 30

What happens when fat intake is too low?

Answer 30

Poor Vitamin Absorption

Increased Cancer Risk

High Cholesterol and Heart Disease

Imbalance of Nutrients—Especially Carbs