Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition (Year 2) > Cancer and bone health > Flashcards

Cancer and bone health Flashcards

1
Q

Define cancer

A

A term for diseases in which abnormal cells
divide without control and can invade nearby
tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the initiation stage of cancer?

A

Exposure to influences that initiate

genetic mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Promotion stage of cancer?

A

Damaged DNA begins to be expressed,

resulting in cellular changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Progression stage of cancer?

A

Development of malignant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the causes of cancer?

A

Genetics (5%)

Sporadic (95%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some examples of Sporadic?

A

Tobacco
• Diet
• Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some potential preventions of cancer?

A 
Fruit and Vitamin E
Vegetables
Fish
Olive Oil
Fibre Polyphenols
N-3 fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Government recommendations?

A

increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
• Reduce red and processed meat intake.
– current intake is 90g per day.
• Eat a balanced diet rich in cereals, fruits and vegetables.
• A healthy body weight should be maintained.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the treatments for cancer?

A 
Surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Gene Therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bone turnover?

A

Bone is constantly renewing its structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a bones structure?

A

It has a thick outer shell with an inner matrix of protein (type I collagen) and mineral salts (mainly Ca, P and Mg).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Osteoclasts?

A

break down bone (resorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Osteoblasts?

A

synthesise (new) bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors influence bone growth?

A 
Genetics
Endocrine function:hormones that control growth
Physical activity
Nutrition
Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does calcium affect bone health?

A

Sources
• Toxicity
• Bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Osteoporosis

A

‘having a bone mineral content or bone mineral density of more than 2.5 SD below the young normal mean

17
Q

Where does Osteoporosis affect in the body commonly?

A

spine
wrist
hip

18
Q

What are the Causes of osteoporosis?

A 
Inherent factors or diseases
Acquired diseases/conditions
Sex hormone deficiency
Immobility or prolonged bed-rest
Lifestyle factors
19
Q

What are some Osteoporosis Treatments?

A

HRT (oestrogen/testosterone)
• Anabolic steroids (Nandralone)
• Calcitonin – hormone - improves action of osteoclasts
• Bisphosphonates – non-hormonal – switch off osteoblasts
• Reduce alcohol and nicotine intake
• Regular exercise
• Vitamin D (Calcitriol – an active form of Vit D)
• Calcium

20
Q

What are some preventions of Osteoporosis?

A 
Sunshine (vitamin D)
• Increase exercise
• Stop smoking
• Reduce alcohol intake
• High calcium diet

Nutrition (Year 2) (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions