Family & Peers Review Flashcards
Women are at higher risk for divorce when they marry at a young age, have a lower level of education, had a child before marriage or within_____of marriage, or cohabiated with their partner prior to marriage. Gottesman and Levenson identified two interaction patterns that are predictive of divorce: An emotionally____pattern is predictive of earlier divorce, while an emotionally____pattern is predictive of later divorce.
seven months; volatile attack-defend; inexpressive
Following divorce, custodial mothers are often less warm and loving toward their children and less consistent but more ____ in terms of punishment. The effects of divorce on children children tend to be most profound during the _____after the divorce, but the specific consequences are related to the childs age and gender. Children who are ___at the time of the divorce initially exhibit the most problems, while children who are ___may exhibit more long-term negative consequences. A number of studies suggest that the immediate consequences of divorce are worse for male children, but there may be a____ effect for female children, who don’t show serious problem initially but develop problems in adolescence. Some research suggests that it is ____, rather than the divorce itself, that create risk for children.Remarriage is generally more difficult for older children and adolescent, but____ may actually benefit from the presence of a stepfather. Overall, the relationship between stepfathers and their stepchildren is best described as ___.
authoritarian; first year;preschoolers;older 6-8 years old;sleeper effect;parental conflict; preadolescent boys; disengaged
The benefits of maternal employment seem to outweigh its costs: Children of working mothers exhibit more egalitarian_____, and, in lower-SES families, sons of working mothers obtain higher scores on measures of ____. Research on the effects of daycare has produced inconsistent results but,overall, it appears that high-quality daycare does not have a___.Studies comparing children of gay or lesbian parents with heterosexual parents indicate that the psychological adjustment, gender identity development, and sexual orientation of these children are___. In terms of child sexual abuse, there is evidence that the negative consequences are less severe when the perpetrator is a____. Parents who physically abuse their children vary, but they tend to____their children’s behavior and rely on harsh physical punishment to control their children.
gender role-concepts; cognitive development; detrimental impact; similar; stranger; misinterpret;
In the middle childhood, sibling relationships are marked by a paradoxical combination of______; while, in adolescence, sibling relationships become less___ and more distant and egalitarian. Play is viewed as essential for all aspects of a child’s development:_______play, for example, provides opportunities to develop cognitive abilities related to symbolizing, imitation, and problem solving. Research on the_______hypothesis indicates that the subjective perception of social support is more critical than actual support for alleviating feelings of loneliness and reducing the effects of stress. Studies comparing outcomes for rejected and neglected children have found that_____children are less likely to experience an improvement in peer status when they change social groups. Peer pressure to conform peaks at about age____and, at this time, adolescents are responsive to all types of peer influence–neutral,positive, and negative. Carstensen’s socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that social motives correspond to perceptions of time left in life as being_____. Although early cross-sectional studies found a______relationship between marital duration and satisfaction, subsequent studies using a different methodology have generally not supported that pattern.
closeness/conflict and cooperation/competition; emotionally intense; Dramatic(imaginative); Buffering;rejected; 14 or 15; limited or unlimited; U-shaped
