Attachment,Emot,Agg,&Moral Dev Review Flashcards
Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys found that__is more important for attachment than oral gratification. Bolby proposed that there is a __period for attachment and that, as a result of their experiences during this period, children develop an______model that influences their future relationships.
contact comfort; critical; internal working
By about___months of age, children’s attachment behaviors are directed primarily toward primary caregivers. Most babies exhibit separation anxiety by 6 to 8 months of age; and this is followed, at 8 to 10 months, by____ anxiety. In the Strange Situation, a(n)___attached youngster is upset by his mother’s absence and actively seeks her comfort when she returns. In contrast,a(n)___child shows little distress when his mother leaves and may ignore her when she returns. About 80% of infants who have been mistreated by their caregivers exhibit a(n)__attachment pattern.
six to seven;stranger;securely; insecure/avoidant; disorganized/disoriented;
Children separated from their primary caregivers prior to___of age usually show few negative consequences, while those who are__of age or older often exhibit disturbances in feeding and sleep, social withdrawal, and either physical rejection of the new caregiver or excessive clinging to him/her. Research on the intergenerational effects of attachment has found that parents who are categorized as dismissing on the AAI are most likely to have children who exhibit a(n)___ attachment pattern in the Strange Situation, while those who are categorized as preoccupied are most likely to have children with a(n)____attachment pattern.
3months; 9months;avoidant;resistant/ambivalent
Babies usually express the___emotions of interest, sadness, disgust, and distress soon afterbirth and the self-conscious emotions of jealousy, empathy, and embarrassment by____months of age.
basic; 18 to 24 months
Patterson and his colleagues attribute high levels of aggressiveness in children to__interactions between children and their parents and poor__of children’s activities. Aggressive behavior has also been linked to several social-cognitive factors including a tendency to interpret the positive or ambiguous actions of others as___. There is evidence that cognitive training, which focuses on fostering____and identifying alternative behaviors,is effective for reducing aggressive behaviors in children.
coercive; parental monitoring;intentionally hostile; empathy
Piaget’s theory of moral development distinguishes between heteronomous and autonomous stages of morality. In the former, moral judgments are based primarily on the act’s____; in the latter, on the actor’s____. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development predicts a universal, invariant sequence of three levels: At the___level, moral judgments are based on the desire to avoid punishment or to obtain rewards.This is followed by the__level, in which judgments are contingent on social approval or rules and laws established by legitimate authorities. Finally, at the____level, moral judgments are based on democratically-determined laws or universal ethical principles. Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’stheory on the grounds that it applies more to males who focus on justice and _____when making moral judgments than to females who focus more on caring and responsibility to others.
consequences; intentions; Preconventional; Conventional; Postconventional; individual rights
