Family Medicine: AAFP Flashcards
What diabetes drug class is associated with fluid retention and when used can be complicated by the development of heart failure
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Which dietary recommendation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease has been shown to decrease the rate of sudden death?
Omega-3 fats
They contribute to the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which inhibit the inflammatory immune response and platelet aggregation, are mild vasodilators, and may have antiarrhythmic properties
For whom does guideline recommend a one-time screening with ultrasonography for AAA
Men 65-75 years of age who have smoked at any point in their lives
What is the first medication given to treat supraventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine
If supraventricular tachycardia is refractory to adenosine or rapidly recurs, the tachycardia can usually be terminated by the administration of intravenous verapamil or a β-blocker
What is the most useful diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with heart failure?
Two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular size, ventricular compliance, wall thickness, and valve function
In a patient who presents with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, what would be an indication for thrombolytic therapy?
New-onset left bundle branch block
In a patient with an MI, new left bundle branch block suggests occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, placing a significant portion of the left ventricle in jeopardy.
What is the best initial test for peripheral vascular occlusive disease?
The ankle-brachial index (ABI)
The ABI is the ratio of systolic blood pressure measured in the ankle to systolic pressure using the standard brachial measurement. A ratio of 0.9-1.2 is considered normal. Severe disease is defined as a ratio <0.50. More invasive and expensive testing using Doppler ultrasonography, arteriography, or magnetic resonance angiography may be useful if the ABI suggests an abnormality.
For patients with a first episode of unprovoked deep venous thrombosis, evidence supports treatment with a vitamin K antagonist (Warfarin) for how long?
At least 3 months
When is the Rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) first given?
The first dose should be given between 6 and 12 weeks of age
Subsequent doses should be given at 4- to 10-week intervals, but all three doses should be administered by 32 weeks of age. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends the routine vaccination of infants with three doses to be given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
What is the treatment of choice for Clostridium Difficile?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
The intranasal live, attenuated influenza vaccine is appropriate for what population?
Healthy, nonpregnant individuals age 5-49 years.
The vaccine is administered intranasally. It is not indicated in patients with underlying medical conditions, such as chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular disease, or in patients with a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome, pregnant patients, or children and adolescents who receive long-term aspirin or salicylate therapy.
What is the first line therapy for Bordetella Pertussis?
Macrolides (IE Azithromycin)
TMP-SMX is considered second-line
What causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus A16
Occasionally other strains of coxsackie- or enterovirus can be the cause.
This condition is characterized by a pathologic dryness of the skin that is especially prominent in the elderly. It is probably caused by minor abnormalities in maturation of the epidermis that lead to decreased hydration of the superficial portion of the stratum corneum.
Xerosis
Xerosis often intensifies in winter, because of the lower humidity and cold temperatures.
What are the first line agents for mild acne?
Topical treatments including benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, and topical antibiotics.
Oral antibiotics are used in mild acne when there is inadequate response to topical agents and as first-line therapy in more severe acne. Oral isotretinoin is used in severe nodular acne.
